Encoding for Interchange: an introduction to the TEI

TEI Lite: Encoding for Interchange: an introduction to the TEI Revised for TEI P5 releaseLou BurnardC. M. Sperberg-McQueenFebruary 2006

Prefatory note

TEI Lite was the name adopted for what the TEI editors originally conceived of as a simple demonstration of how the TEI encoding scheme might be adopted to meet 90% of the needs of 90% of the TEI user community. In retrospect, it was predictable that many people should imagine TEI Lite to be all there is to TEI, or find TEI Lite to be far too heavy for their needs.

The original TEI Lite was based largely on observations of existing and previous practice in the encoding of texts, particularly as manifest in the collections of the Oxford Text Archive and in our own experience. It is therefore unsurprising that it seems to have become, if not a de facto standard, at least a common point of departure for electronic text centres and encoding projects world wide. Maybe the fact that we actually produced this shortish, readable, manual for it also helped.

Early adopters of TEI Lite included a number of Electronic Text Centers, many of whom produced their own documentation and tutorial materials (some examples are listed in the TEI Tutorials pages). It was also widely adopted as the basis for TEI-conformant authoring systems. Documentation introducing TEI Lite has been widely used for tutorial purposes and has been widely translated (see further the list of versions at ).

With the publication of TEI P4, the XML version of the TEI Guidelines, which uses the generation of TEI Lite as an example of the modification mechanism built into the TEI Guidelines, the opportunity was taken to produce a lightly revised XML-conformant version, but the present revision is the first substantively changed version since its first appearance in 1997. This revision takes advantage of the many new features introduced into the TEI Guidelines at release P5. A brief list of those changes likely to affect users of previous versions of this document is given below ().

Lou Burnard, February 2006

This document provides an introduction to the recommendations of the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI), by describing a specific subset of the full TEI encoding scheme. The scheme documented here can be used to encode a wide variety of commonly encountered textual features, in such a way as to maximize the usability of electronic transcriptions and to facilitate their interchange among scholars using different computer systems. It is fully compatible with the full TEI scheme, as defined by TEI document P5, Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange, as of February 2006, and available from the TEI Consortium website at .

Introduction

The Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) Guidelines are addressed to anyone who wants to interchange information stored in an electronic form. They emphasize the interchange of textual information, but other forms of information such as images and sound are also addressed. The Guidelines are equally applicable in the creation of new resources and in the interchange of existing ones.

The Guidelines provide a means of making explicit certain features of a text in such a way as to aid the processing of that text by computer programs running on different machines. This process of making explicit we call markup or encoding. Any textual representation on a computer uses some form of markup; the TEI came into being partly because of the enormous variety of mutually incomprehensible encoding schemes currently besetting scholarship, and partly because of the expanding range of scholarly uses now being identified for texts in electronic form.

The TEI Guidelines describe an encoding scheme which can be expressed using a number of different formal languages. The first editions of the Guidelines used the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML); since 2002, this has been replaced by the use of the Extensible Markup Language (XML). These markup languages have in common the definition of text in terms of elements and attributes, and rules governing their appearance within a text. The TEI's use of XML is ambitious in its complexity and generality, but it is fundamentally no different from that of any other XML markup scheme, and so any general-purpose XML-aware software is able to process TEI-conformant texts.

The TEI was sponsored by the Association for Computers and the Humanities, the Association for Computational Linguistics, and the Association for Literary and Linguistic Computing, and is now maintained and developed by an independent membership consortium, hosted by four major Universities. Funding has been provided in part from the U.S. National Endowment for the Humanities, Directorate General XIII of the Commission of the European Communities, the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, and the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada. The Guidelines were first published in May 1994, after six years of development involving many hundreds of scholars from different academic disciplines worldwide. During the years that followed, the Guidelines were increasingly influential in the development of the digital library, in the language industries, and even in the development of the World Wide Web itself. The TEI consortium was set up in January 2001, and a year later produced an edition of the Guidelines entirely revised for XML compatibility. In 2004, it set about a major revision of the Guidelines to take full advantage of new schema languages, the first release of which appeared in 2005. This revision of the TEI Lite manual conforms to version 0.3 of this most recent edition of the Guidelines, TEI P5.

At the outset of its work, the overall goals of the TEI were defined by the closing statement of a planning conference held at Vassar College, N.Y., in November, 1987; these Poughkeepsie Principles were further elaborated in a series of design documents. The Guidelines, say these design documents, should: suffice to represent the textual features needed for research;be simple, clear, and concrete;be easy for researchers to use without special-purpose software;allow the rigorous definition and efficient processing of texts;provide for user-defined extensions;conform to existing and emergent standards.

The world of scholarship is large and diverse. For the Guidelines to have wide acceptability, it was important to ensure that: the common core of textual features be easily shared;additional specialist features be easy to add to (or remove from) a text;multiple parallel encodings of the same feature should be possible;the richness of markup should be user-defined, with a very small minimal requirement;adequate documentation of the text and its encoding should be provided.

The present document describes a manageable selection from the extensive set of elements and recommendations resulting from those design goals, which is called TEI Lite.

In selecting from the several hundred elements defined by the full TEI scheme, we have tried to identify a useful starter set, comprising the elements which almost every user should know about. Experience working with TEI Lite will be invaluable in understanding the full TEI scheme and in knowing how to integrate specialized parts of it into the general TEI framework.

Our goals in defining this subset may be summarized as follows: it should be able to handle adequately a reasonably wide variety of texts, at the level of detail found in existing practice (as demonstrated in, for example, the holdings of the Oxford Text Archive);it should be useful for the production of new documents (such as this one) as well as the encoding of existing texts;it should be usable with a wide range of existing XML software;it should be derivable from the full TEI scheme using the extension mechanisms described in the TEI Guidelines;it should be as small and simple as is consistent with the other goals.

The reader may judge our success in meeting these goals for him or herself. At the time of first writing (1995), our confidence that we have at least partially done so is borne out by its use in practice for the encoding of real texts. The Oxford Text Archive uses TEI Lite when it translates texts from its holdings from their original markup schemes into SGML; the Electronic Text Centers at the University of Virginia and the University of Michigan have used TEI Lite to encode their holdings. And the Text Encoding Initiative itself uses TEI Lite, in its current technical documentation — including this document.

Although we have tried to make this document self-contained, as suits a tutorial text, the reader should be aware that it does not cover every detail of the TEI encoding scheme. All of the elements described here are fully documented in the TEI Guidelines themselves, which should be consulted for authoritative reference information on these, and on the many others which are not described here. Some basic knowledge of XML is assumed.

A Short Example

We begin with a short example, intended to show what happens when a passage of prose is typed into a computer by someone with little sense of the purpose of mark-up, or the potential of electronic texts. In an ideal world, such output might be generated by a very accurate optical scanner. It attempts to be faithful to the appearance of the printed text, by retaining the original line breaks, by introducing blanks to represent the layout of the original headings and page breaks, and so forth. Where characters not available on the keyboard are needed (such as the accented letter a in faàl or the long dash), it attempts to mimic their appearance.

CHAPTER 38 READER, I married him. A quiet wedding we had: he and I, the par- son and clerk, were alone present. When we got back from church, I went into the kitchen of the manor-house, where Mary was cooking the dinner, and John cleaning the knives, and I said -- 'Mary, I have been married to Mr Rochester this morning.' The housekeeper and her husband were of that decent, phlegmatic order of people, to whom one may at any time safely communicate a remarkable piece of news without incurring the danger of having one's ears pierced by some shrill ejaculation and subsequently stunned by a torrent of wordy wonderment. Mary did look up, and she did stare at me; the ladle with which she was basting a pair of chickens roasting at the fire, did for some three minutes hang suspended in air, and for the same space of time John's knives also had rest from the polishing process; but Mary, bending again over the roast, said only -- 'Have you, miss? Well, for sure!' A short time after she pursued, 'I seed you go out with the master, but I didn't know you were gone to church to be wed'; and she basted away. John, when I turned to him, was grinning from ear to ear. 'I telled Mary how it would be,' he said: 'I knew what Mr Ed- ward' (John was an old servant, and had known his master when he was the cadet of the house, therefore he often gave him his Christian name) -- 'I knew what Mr Edward would do; and I was certain he would not wait long either: and he's done right, for aught I know. I wish you joy, miss!' and he politely pulled his forelock. 'Thank you, John. Mr Rochester told me to give you and Mary this.' I put into his hand a five-pound note. Without waiting to hear more, I left the kitchen. In passing the door of that sanctum some time after, I caught the words -- 'She'll happen do better for him nor ony o' t' grand ladies.' And again, 'If she ben't one o' th' handsomest, she's noan faa\l, and varry good-natured; and i' his een she's fair beautiful, onybody may see that.' I wrote to Moor House and to Cambridge immediately, to say what I had done: fully explaining also why I had thus acted. Diana and 474 JANE EYRE 475 Mary approved the step unreservedly. Diana announced that she would just give me time to get over the honeymoon, and then she would come and see me. 'She had better not wait till then, Jane,' said Mr Rochester, when I read her letter to him; 'if she does, she will be too late, for our honey- moon will shine our life long: its beams will only fade over your grave or mine.' How St John received the news I don't know: he never answered the letter in which I communicated it: yet six months after he wrote to me, without, however, mentioning Mr Rochester's name or allud- ing to my marriage. His letter was then calm, and though very serious, kind. He has maintained a regular, though not very frequent correspond- ence ever since: he hopes I am happy, and trusts I am not of those who live without God in the world, and only mind earthly things.

This transcription suffers from a number of shortcomings: the page numbers and running titles are intermingled with the text in a way which makes it difficult for software to disentangle them;no distinction is made between single quotation marks and apostrophe, so it is difficult to know exactly which passages are in direct speech;the preservation of the copy text's hyphenation means that simple-minded search programs will not find the broken words;the accented letter in faàl and the long dash have been rendered by ad hoc keying conventions which follow no standard pattern and will be processed correctly only if the transcriber remembers to mention them in the documentation;paragraph divisions are marked only by the use of white space, and hard carriage returns have been introduced at the end of each line. Consequently, if the size of type used to print the text changes, reformatting will be problematic.

We now present the same passage, as it might be encoded using the TEI Guidelines. As we shall see, there are many ways in which this encoding could be extended, but as a minimum, the TEI approach allows us to represent the following distinctions: Paragraph and chapter divisions are now marked explicitly.Apostrophes are distinguished from quotation marks; direct speech is explicitly marked.The accented letter and the long dash are correctly represented.Page divisions have been marked with an empty <pb> element alone.The lineation of the original has not been retained and words broken by typographic accident at the end of a line have been re-assembled without comment.For convenience of proof reading, a new line has been introduced at the start of each paragraph, but the indentation is removed.

Reader, I married him. A quiet wedding we had: he and I, the parson and clerk, were alone present. When we got back from church, I went into the kitchen of the manor-house, where Mary was cooking the dinner, and John cleaning the knives, and I said —

Mary, I have been married to Mr Rochester this morning. The housekeeper and her husband were of that decent, phlegmatic order of people, to whom one may at any time safely communicate a remarkable piece of news without incurring the danger of having one's ears pierced by some shrill ejaculation and subsequently stunned by a torrent of wordy wonderment. Mary did look up, and she did stare at me; the ladle with which she was basting a pair of chickens roasting at the fire, did for some three minutes hang suspended in air, and for the same space of time John's knives also had rest from the polishing process; but Mary, bending again over the roast, said only —

Have you, miss? Well, for sure!

A short time after she pursued, I seed you go out with the master, but I didn't know you were gone to church to be wed; and she basted away. John, when I turned to him, was grinning from ear to ear. I telled Mary how it would be, he said: I knew what Mr Edward (John was an old servant, and had known his master when he was the cadet of the house, therefore he often gave him his Christian name) — I knew what Mr Edward would do; and I was certain he would not wait long either: and he's done right, for aught I know. I wish you joy, miss! and he politely pulled his forelock.

Thank you, John. Mr Rochester told me to give you and Mary this.

I put into his hand a five-pound note. Without waiting to hear more, I left the kitchen. In passing the door of that sanctum some time after, I caught the words —

She'll happen do better for him nor ony o' t' grand ladies. And again, If she ben't one o' th' handsomest, she's noan faàl, and varry good-natured; and i' his een she's fair beautiful, onybody may see that.

I wrote to Moor House and to Cambridge immediately, to say what I had done: fully explaining also why I had thus acted. Diana and Mary approved the step unreservedly. Diana announced that she would just give me time to get over the honeymoon, and then she would come and see me.

She had better not wait till then, Jane, said Mr Rochester, when I read her letter to him; if she does, she will be too late, for our honeymoon will shine our life long: its beams will only fade over your grave or mine.

How St John received the news I don't know: he never answered the letter in which I communicated it: yet six months after he wrote to me, without, however, mentioning Mr Rochester's name or alluding to my marriage. His letter was then calm, and though very serious, kind. He has maintained a regular, though not very frequent correspondence ever since: he hopes I am happy, and trusts I am not of those who live without God in the world, and only mind earthly things.

This particular encoding represents a set of choices or priorities. The decision to focus on Brontë's text, rather than on the printing of it in this particular edition, is an instance of the fundamental selectivity of any encoding. An encoding makes explicit only those textual features of importance to the encoder. It is not difficult to think of ways in which the encoding of even this short passage might readily be extended. For example: a regularized form of the passages in dialect could be provided;footnotes glossing or commenting on any passage could be added;pointers linking parts of this text to others could be added;proper names of various kinds could be distinguished from the surrounding text;detailed bibliographic information about the text's provenance and context could be prefixed to it;a linguistic analysis of the passage into sentences, clauses, words, etc., could be provided, each unit being associated with appropriate category codes;the text could be segmented into narrative or discourse units;systematic analysis or interpretation of the text could be included in the encoding, with potentially complex alignment or linkage between the text and the analysis, or between the text and one or more translations of it;passages in the text could be linked to images or sound held on other media.

A TEI-recommended way of carrying out most of these is described in the remainder of this document. The TEI scheme as a whole also provides for an enormous range of other possibilities, of which we cite only a few: detailed analysis of the components of names;detailed meta-information providing thesaurus-style information about the text's origins or topics;information about the printing history or manuscript variations exhibited by a particular series of versions of the text. For recommendations on these and many other possibilities, the full Guidelines should be consulted.

The Structure of a TEI Text

All TEI-conformant texts contain (a) a TEI header (marked up as a <teiHeader> element) and (b) the transcription of the text proper (marked up as a <text> element). These two elements are combined together to form a single <TEI> element.

The TEI header provides information analogous to that provided by the title page of a printed text. It has up to four parts: a bibliographic description of the machine-readable text, a description of the way it has been encoded, a non-bibliographic description of the text (a text profile), and a revision history. The header is described in more detail in section .

A TEI text may be unitary (a single work) or composite (a collection of single works, such as an anthology). In either case, the text may have an optional front or back. In between is the body of the text, which, in the case of a composite text, may consist of groups, each containing more groups or texts.

A unitary text will be encoded using an overall structure like this:

A composite text also has an optional front and back. In between occur one or more groups of texts, each with its own optional front and back matter. A composite text will thus be encoded using an overall structure like this:

It is also possible to define a composite of TEI texts, each with its own header. Such a collection is known as a TEI corpus, and may itself have a header: It is not however possible to create a composite of corpora -- that is, a number of <teiCorpus> elements combined together and treated as a single object. This is a restriction of the current version of the TEI Guidelines.

In the remainder of this document, we discuss chiefly simple text structures. The discussion in each case consists of a short list of relevant TEI elements with a brief definition of each, followed by definitions for any attributes specific to that element, and a reference to any classes of which the element is a member. These references are linked to full specifications for each object, as given in the TEI Guidelines. In most cases, short examples are also given.

For example, here are the elements discussed so far: TEI (TEI document) contains a single TEI-conformant document, comprising a TEI header and a text, either in isolation or as part of a <teiCorpus> element.teiHeader (TEI Header) supplies the descriptive and declarative information making up an electronic title page prefixed to every TEI-conformant text.text contains a single text of any kind, whether unitary or composite, for example a poem or drama, a collection of essays, a novel, a dictionary, or a corpus sample.

Encoding the Body

As indicated above, a simple TEI document at the textual level consists of the following elements: front (front matter) contains any prefatory matter (headers, title page, prefaces, dedications, etc.) found at the start of a document, before the main body.group contains the body of a composite text, grouping together a sequence of distinct texts (or groups of such texts) which are regarded as a unit for some purpose, for example the collected works of an author, a sequence of prose essays, etc.body (text body) contains the whole body of a single unitary text, excluding any front or back matter.back (back matter) contains any appendixes, etc. following the main part of a text. Elements specific to front and back matter are described below in section . In this section we discuss the elements making up the body of a text.

Text Division Elements

The body of a prose text may be just a series of paragraphs, or these paragraphs may be grouped together into chapters, sections, subsections, etc. Each paragraph is tagged using the <p> tag. The <div> element is used to represent any such grouping of paragraphs. p (paragraph) marks paragraphs in prose.div (text division) contains a subdivision of the front, body, or back of a text.

The type attribute on the <div> element may be used to supply a conventional name for this category of text division, or otherwise distinguish them. Typical values might be book, chapter, section, part, poem, song, etc. For a given project, it will usually be advisable to define and adhere to a specific list of such values.

A <div> element may itself contain further, nested, <div>s, thus mimicking the traditional structure of a book, which can be decomposed hierarchically into units such as parts, containing chapters, containing sections, and so on. TEI texts in general conform to this simple hierarchic model.

The xml:id attribute may be used to supply a unique identifier for the division, which may be used for cross references or other links to it, such as a commentary, as further discussed in section . It is often useful to provide an xml:id attribute for every major structural unit in a text, and to derive its values in some systematic way, for example by appending a section number to a short code for the title of the work in question, as in the examples below.

The n attribute may be used to supply (additionally or alternatively) a short mnemonic name or number for the division. If a conventional form of reference or abbreviation for the parts of a work already exists (such as the book/chapter/verse pattern of Biblical citations), the n attribute is the place to record it.

The xml:lang attribute may be used to specify the language of the division. Languages are identified by an internationally defined code, as further discussed in section below.

The rend attribute may be used to supply information about the rendition (appearance) of a division, or any other element, as further discussed in section below. As with the type attribute, a project will often find it useful to predefine the possible values for this attribute, but TEI Lite does not constrain it in anyway.

These four attributes, xml:id, n, xml:lang, and rend are so widely useful that they are allowed on any element in any TEI schema: they are global attributes. Other global attributes defined in the TEI Lite scheme are discussed in section .

The value of every xml:id attribute should be unique within a document. One simple way of ensuring that this is so is to make it reflect the hierarchic structure of the document. For example, Smith's Wealth of Nations as first published consists of five books, each of which is divided into chapters, while some chapters are further subdivided into parts. We might define xml:id values for this structure as follows:

A different numbering scheme may be used for xml:id and n attributes: this is often useful where a canonical reference scheme is used which does not tally with the structure of the work. For example, in a novel divided into books each containing chapters, where the chapters are numbered sequentially through the whole work, rather than within each book, one might use a scheme such as the following:

Here the work has two volumes, each containing two chapters. The chapters are numbered conventionally 1 to 4, but the xml:id values specified allow them to be regarded additionally as if they were numbered 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2.

Headings and Closings

Every <div> may have a title or heading at its start, and (less commonly) a closing such as End of Chapter 1. The following elements may be used to transcribe them: head (heading) contains any type of heading, for example the title of a section, or the heading of a list, glossary, manuscript description, etc.trailer contains a closing title or footer appearing at the end of a division of a text. Some other elements which may be necessary at the beginning or ending of text divisions are discussed below in section .

Whether or not headings and trailers are included in a transcription is a matter for the individual transcriber to decide. Where a heading is completely regular (for example Chapter 1) or may be automatically constructed from attribute values (e.g. <div type="Chapter" n="1">), it may be omitted; where it contains otherwise unrecoverable text it should always be included. For example, the start of Hardy's Under the Greenwood Tree might be encoded as follows:

Mellstock-Lane

To dwellers in a wood almost every species of tree ...

Prose, Verse and Drama

As noted above, the paragraphs making up a textual division should be tagged with the <p> tag. For example:

I fully appreciate Gen. Pope's splendid achievements with their invaluable results; but you must know that Major Generalships in the Regular Army, are not as plenty as blackberries.

A number of different tags are provided for the encoding of the structural components of verse and performance texts (drama, film, etc.): l (verse line) contains a single, possibly incomplete, line of verse.lg (line group) contains a group of verse lines functioning as a formal unit, e.g. a stanza, refrain, verse paragraph, etc.sp (speech) An individual speech in a performance text, or a passage presented as such in a prose or verse text.speaker A specialized form of heading or label, giving the name of one or more speakers in a dramatic text or fragment.stage (stage direction) contains any kind of stage direction within a dramatic text or fragment.

Here, for example, is the start of a poetic text in which verse lines and stanzas are tagged: I Sing the progresse of a deathlesse soule,Whom Fate, with God made, but doth not controule,Plac'd in most shapes; all times before the lawYoak'd us, and when, and since, in this I sing.And the great world to his aged evening;From infant morne, through manly noone I draw.What the gold Chaldee, of silver Persian saw,Greeke brass, or Roman iron, is in this one;A worke t'out weare Seths pillars, bricke and stone,And (holy writs excepted) made to yeeld to none,

Note that the <l> element marks verse lines, not typographic lines: the original lineation of the first few lines above has not therefore been made explicit by this encoding, and may be lost. The <lb> element described in section may be used to mark typographic lines if so desired.

Sometimes, particularly in dramatic texts, verse lines are split between speakers. The easiest way of encoding this is to use the part attribute to indicate that the lines so fragmented are incomplete, as in this example:

ACT I

SCENE I Enter Barnardo and Francisco, two Sentinels, at several doorsBarnWho's there?FranNay, answer me. Stand and unfold yourself.BarnLong live the King!FranBarnardo?BarnHe.FranYou come most carefully upon your hour.

The same mechanism may be applied to stanzas which are divided between two speakers:

First voiceBut why drives on that ship so fastWithouten wave or wind?Second VoiceThe air is cut away before.And closes from behind.

This example shows how dialogue presented in a prose work as if it were drama should be encoded. It also demonstrates the use of the who attribute to bear a code identifying the speaker of the piece of dialogue concerned:

The reverend Doctor Opimiam

I do not think I have named a single unpresentable fish.

Mr Gryll

Bream, Doctor: there is not much to be said for bream.

The Reverend Doctor Opimiam

On the contrary, sir, I think there is much to be said for him. In the first place....

Fish, Miss Gryll -- I could discourse to you on fish by the hour: but for the present I will forbear.

Page and Line Numbers

Page and line breaks may be marked with the following empty elements. pb/ (page break) marks the boundary between one page of a text and the next in a standard reference system.lb/ (line break) marks the start of a new (typographic) line in some edition or version of a text.milestone/ marks a boundary point separating any kind of section of a text, typically but not necessarily indicating a point at which some part of a standard reference system changes, where the change is not represented by a structural element. These elements mark a single point in the text, not a span of text. The global n attribute should be used to supply the number of the page or line beginning at the tag.

When working from a paginated original, it is often useful to record its pagination, if only to simplify later proof-reading. Recording the line breaks may be useful for the same reason; treatment of end-of-line hyphenation in printed source texts will require some consideration.

If pagination, etc., are marked for more than one edition, specify the edition in question using the ed attribute, and supply as many tags are necessary. For example, in the following passage we indicate where the page breaks occur in two different editions (ED1 and ED2)

The <pb> and <lb> elements are special cases of the general class of milestone elements which mark reference points within a text. TEI Lite also includes a generic <milestone> element, which is not restricted to special cases but can mark any kind of reference point: for example, a column break, the start of a new kind of section not otherwise tagged, or in general any significant change in the text not marked by an XML element. The names used for types of unit and for editions referred to by the ed and unit attributes may be chosen freely, but should be documented in the header. The <milestone> element may be used to replace the others, or the others may be used as a set; they should not be mixed arbitrarily.

Marking Highlighted Phrases

Changes of Typeface, etc.

Highlighted words or phrases are those made visibly different from the rest of the text, typically by a change of type font, handwriting style, ink colour etc., which is intended to draw the reader's attention to some associated change.

The global rend attribute can be attached to any element, and used wherever necessary to specify details of the highlighting used for it. For example, a heading rendered in bold might be tagged <head rend="bold">, and one in italic <head rend="italic">.

It is not always possible or desirable to interpret the reasons for such changes of rendering in a text. In such cases, the element <hi> may be used to mark a sequence of highlighted text without making any claim as to its status. hi (highlighted) marks a word or phrase as graphically distinct from the surrounding text, for reasons concerning which no claim is made.

In the following example, the use of a distinct typeface for the subheading and for the included name are recorded but not interpreted:

And this Indenture further witnesseth that the said Walter Shandy, merchant, in consideration of the said intended marriage ...

Alternatively, where the cause for the highlighting can be identified with confidence, a number of other, more specific, elements are available. emph (emphasized) marks words or phrases which are stressed or emphasized for linguistic or rhetorical effect.foreign (foreign) identifies a word or phrase as belonging to some language other than that of the surrounding text. gloss identifies a phrase or word used to provide a gloss or definition for some other word or phrase.label contains the label associated with an item in a list; in glossaries, marks the term being defined.mentioned marks words or phrases mentioned, not used.term contains a single-word, multi-word, or symbolic designation which is regarded as a technical term.title contains a title for any kind of work.

Some features (notably quotations and glosses) may be found in a text either marked by highlighting, or with quotation marks. In either case, the elements <q> and <gloss> (as discussed in the following section) should be used. If the rendition is to be recorded, use the global rend attribute.

As an example of the elements defined here, consider the following sentence: On the one hand the Nibelungenlied is associated with the new rise of romance of twelfth-century France, the romans d'antiquité, the romances of Chrétien de Troyes, and the German adaptations of these works by Heinrich van Veldeke, Hartmann von Aue, and Wolfram von Eschenbach. Interpreting the role of the highlighting, the sentence might look like this:

On the one hand the Nibelungenlied is associated with the new rise of romance of twelfth-century France, the romans d'antiquité, the romances of Chrétien de Troyes, ...

Describing only the appearance of the original, it might look like this:

On the one hand the Nibelungenlied is associated with the new rise of romance of twelfth-century France, the romans d'antiquité, the romances of Chrétien de Troyes, ...

Quotations and Related Features

Like changes of typeface, quotation marks are conventionally used to denote several different features within a text, of which the most frequent is quotation. When possible, we recommend that the underlying feature be tagged, rather than the simple fact that quotation marks appear in the text, using the following elements: q (separated from the surrounding text with quotation marks) contains material which is marked as (ostensibly) being somehow different than the surrounding text, for any one of a variety of reasons including, but not limited to: direct speech or thought, technical terms or jargon, authorial distance, quotations from elsewhere, and passages that are mentioned but not used.quote (quotation) contains a phrase or passage attributed by the narrator or author to some agency external to the text.mentioned marks words or phrases mentioned, not used.soCalled contains a word or phrase for which the author or narrator indicates a disclaiming of responsibility, for example by the use of scare quotes or italics.gloss identifies a phrase or word used to provide a gloss or definition for some other word or phrase.

Here is a simple example of a quotation:

Few dictionary makers are likely to forget Dr. Johnson's description of the lexicographer as a harmless drudge.

To record how a quotation was printed (for example, in-line or set off as a display or block quotation), the rend attribute should be used. This may also be used to indicate the kind of quotation marks used.

Direct speech interrupted by a narrator can be represented simply by ending the quotation and beginning it again after the interruption, as in the following example:

Who-e debel you? — he at last said — you no speak-e, damme, I kill-e. And so saying, the lighted tomahawk began flourishing about me in the dark.

If it is important to convey the idea that the two <q> elements together make up a single speech, the linking attributes next and prev may be used, as described in section .

Quotations may be accompanied by a reference to the source or speaker, using the who attribute, whether or not the source is given in the text, as in the following example: Spaulding, he came down into the office just this day eight weeks with this very paper in his hand, and he says:—I wish to the Lord, Mr. Wilson, that I was a red-headed man. This example also demonstrates how quotations may be embedded within other quotations: one speaker (Wilson) quotes another speaker (Spaulding).

The creator of the electronic text must decide whether quotation marks are replaced by the tags or whether the tags are added and the quotation marks kept. If the quotation marks are removed from the text, the rend attribute may be used to record the way in which they were rendered in the copy text.

As with highlighting, it is not always possible and may not be considered desirable to interpret the function of quotation marks in a text in this way. In such cases, the tag <hi rend="quoted"> might be used to mark quoted text without making any claim as to its status.

Foreign Words or Expressions

Words or phrases which are not in the main language of the texts may be tagged as such in one of two ways. If the word or phrase is already tagged for some reason, the element indicated should bear a value for the global xml:lang attribute indicating the language used. Where there is no applicable element, the element <foreign> may be used, again using the xml:lang attribute. For example:

John has real savoir-faire.

Have you read Die Dreigroschenoper?

Savoir-faire is French for know-how.

The court issued a writ of mandamus.

As these examples show, the <foreign> element should not be used to tag foreign words if some other more specific element such as <title>, <mentioned>, or <term> applies. The global xml:lang attribute may be attached to any element to show that it uses some other language than that of the surrounding text.

The codes used to identify languages, supplied on the xml:lang attribute, must be constructed in a particular way, and must conform to common Internet standardsThe relevant standards are RFC 3066, and the lists of two and three language identifiers maintained as part of ISO 639 (see http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm), as further explained in the relevant section of the TEI Guidelines. Some simple example codes for a few languages are given here: zh or zhoChinesegrcAncient GreekenEnglishell or elGreekenmMiddle Englishja or jpnJapanesefr or fraFrenchla or latLatinde or deuGermansa or sanSanskrit

Notes

All notes, whether printed as footnotes, endnotes, marginalia, or elsewhere, should be marked using the same element: note contains a note or annotation. Where possible, the body of a note should be inserted in the text at the point at which its identifier or mark first appears. This may not be possible for example with marginalia, which may not be anchored to an exact location. For simplicity, it may be adequate to position marginal notes before the relevant paragraph or other element. Notes may also be placed in a separate division of the text (as end-notes are, in printed books) and linked to the relevant portion of the text using their target attribute.

The n attribute may be used to supply the number or identifier of a note if this is required. The resp attribute should be used consistently to distinguish between authorial and editorial notes, if the work has both kinds; otherwise, the TEI header should state which kind they are.

Examples:

Collections are ensembles of distinct entities or objects of any sort. We explain below why we use the uncommon term collection instead of the expected set. Our usage corresponds to the aggregate of many mathematical writings and to the sense of class found in older logical writings. The elements ...

The curse is finally expiatedAnd now this spell was snapt: once moreI viewed the ocean green,And looked far forth, yet little sawOf what had else been seen —

Cross References and Links

Explicit cross references or links from one point in a text to another in the same or another document may be encoded using the elements described in this section. Implicit links (such as the association between two parallel texts, or that between a text and its interpretation) may be encoded using the linking attributes discussed in section .

Simple Cross References

A cross reference from one point within a single document to another can be encoded using either of the following elements: ref (reference) defines a reference to another location, possibly modified by additional text or comment.ptr/ (pointer) defines a pointer to another location.

The difference between these two elements is that <ptr> is an empty element, simply marking a point from which a link is to be made, whereas <ref> may contain some text as well — typically the text of the cross-reference itself. The <ptr> element would be used for a cross reference which is to be indicated by some non-verbal means such as a symbol or icon, or in an electronic text by a button. It is also useful in document production systems, where the formatter can generate the correct verbal form of the cross reference.

The following two forms, for example, are logically equivalent (assuming we have documented somewhere the exact verbal form of cross references represented by <ptr> elements): See especially section 12 on page 34.See especially . The value of the target attribute must have been used as the identifier of some other element within the current document. This implies that the passage or phrase being pointed at must bear an identifier, and must therefore be tagged as an element of some kind. In the following example, the cross reference is to a <div> element: ... see especially . ...

Concerning Identifiers

Because the xml:id attribute is global, any element in a document may be pointed to in this way. In the following example, a paragraph has been given an identifier so that it may be pointed at: ... this is discussed in the paragraph on links ...

Links may be made to any kind of element ...

Sometimes the target of a cross reference does not correspond with any particular feature of a text, and so may not be tagged as an element of some kind. If the desired target is simply a point in the current document, the easiest way to mark it is by introducing an <anchor> element at the appropriate spot. If the target is some sequence of words not otherwise tagged, the <seg> element may be introduced to mark them. These two elements are described as follows: anchor/ (anchor point) attaches an identifier to a point within a text, whether or not it corresponds with a textual element.seg (arbitrary segment) represents any segmentation of text below the chunk level.

In the following (imaginary) example, <ref> elements have been used to represent points in this text which are to be linked in some way to other parts of it; in the first case to a point, and in the second, to a sequence of words: Returning to the point where I dozed off, I noticed that three words had been circled in red by a previous reader

This encoding requires that elements with the specified identifiers (ABCD and EFGH in this example) are to be found somewhere else in the current document. Assuming that no element already exists to carry these identifiers, the <anchor> and <seg> elements may be used: .... .... .... ... ...

The type attribute should be used (as above) to distinguish amongst different purposes for which these general purpose elements might be used in a text. Some other uses are discussed in section below.

Pointing to other documents

So far, we have shown how the elements <ptr> and <ref> may be used for cross-references or links whose targets occur within the same document as their source. However, the same elements may also be used to refer to elements in any other XML document or resource, such as a document on the web, or a database component. This is possible because the value of the target attribute may be any valid universal resource indicator (URI). A full definition of this term, defined by the W3C (the consortium which manages the development and maintenance of the World Wide Web), is beyond the scope of this tutorial: however, the most frequently encountered version of a URI is the familiar URL used to indicate a web page, such as http://www.tei-c.org/index.xml.

A URL may reference a web page or just a part of one, for example http://www.tei-c.org/index.xml#SEC2. The sharp sign indicates that what follows it is the identifier of an element to be located within the XML document identified by what precedes it: this example will therefore locate an element which has an xml:id attribute value of SEC2 within the document retrieved from http://www.tei-c.org/index.xml. In the examples we have discussed so far, the part to the left of the sharp sign has been omitted: this is understood to mean that the referenced element is to be located within the current document.

Within a URL, parts of an XML document can be specified by means of other more sophisticated mechanisms, using a special language called Xpath, also defined by the W3C. This is particularly useful where the elements to be linked to do not bear identifiers and must therefore be located by some other means. A full specification of the language is well beyond the scope of this document; here we provide only a flavour of its power.

In the XPath language, locations are defined as a series of steps, each one identifying some part of the document, often in terms of the locations identified by the previous step. For example, you would point to the third sentence of the second paragraph of chapter two by selecting chapter two in the first step, the second paragraph in the second step, and the third sentence in the last step. A step can be defined in terms of the document tree itself, using such concepts as parent, descendent, preceding, etc. or, more loosely, in terms of text patterns, word or character positions.

Special kinds of Linking

The following special purpose linking attributes are defined for every element in the TEI Lite scheme: analinks an element with its interpretation.corresplinks an element with one or more other corresponding elements.nextlinks an element to the next element in an aggregate.prevlinks an element to the previous element in an aggregate.

The ana (analysis) attribute is intended for use where a set of abstract analyses or interpretations have been defined somewhere within a document, as further discussed in section . For example, a linguistic analysis of the sentence John loves Nancy might be encoded as follows: JohnlovesNancy This encoding implies the existence elsewhere in the document of elements with identifiers SVO, NP1, and VV1 where the significance of these particular codes is explained. Note the use of the <seg> element to mark particular components of the analysis, distinguished by the type attribute.

The corresp (corresponding) attribute provides a simple way of representing some form of correspondence between two elements in a text. For example, in a multilingual text, it may be used to link translation equivalents, as in the following example Jean aime NancyJohn loves Nancy

The same mechanism may be used for a variety of purposes. In the following example, it has been used to represent anaphoric correspondences between the show and Shirley, and between NBC and the network:

Shirley, which made its Friday night debut only a month ago, was not listed on NBC's new schedule, although the network says the show still is being considered.

The next and prev attributes provide a simple way of linking together the components of a discontinuous element, as in the following example: Who-e debel you? — he at last said — you no speak-e, damme, I kill-e. And so saying, the lighted tomahawk began flourishing about me in the dark.

Editorial Interventions

The process of encoding an electronic text has much in common with the process of editing a manuscript or other text for printed publication. In either case a conscientious editor may wish to record both the original state of the source and any editorial correction or other change made in it. The elements discussed in this and the next section provide some facilities for meeting these needs.

Correction and Normalization

The following elements may be used to mark correction, that is editorial changes introduced where the editor believes the original to be erroneous: corr (correction) contains the correct form of a passage apparently erroneous in the copy text.sic (latin for thus or so) contains text reproduced although apparently incorrect or inaccurate.

The following elements may be used to mark normalization, that is editorial changes introduced for the sake of consistency or modernization of a text: orig (original form) contains a reading which is marked as following the original, rather than being normalized or corrected.reg (regularization) contains a reading which has been regularized or normalized in some sense.

As an example, consider this extract from the quarto printing of Shakespeare's Henry V. ... for his nose was as sharp as a pen and a table of green feelds

A modern editor might wish to make a number of interventions here, specifically to modernize (or normalise) the Elizabethan spellings of a' and feelds for he and fields respectively. He or she might also want to emend table to babbl'd, following an editorial tradition that goes back to the 18th century Shakesperean scholar Theobald. The following encoding would then be appropriate: ... for his nose was as sharp as a pen and hebabbl'd of green fields

A more conservative or source-oriented editor, however, might want to retain the original, but at the same time signal that some of the readings it contains are in some sense anomalous: ... for his nose was as sharp as a pen and atable of green feelds

Finally, a modern digital editor may decide to combine both possibilities in a single composite text, using the <choice> element. choice groups a number of alternative encodings for the same point in a text. This allows an editor to mark where alternative readings are possible: ... for his nose was as sharp as a pen and ahebabbl'dtable of green feeldsfields

Omissions, Deletions, and Additions

In addition to correcting or normalizing words and phrases, editors and transcribers may also supply missing material, omit material, or transcribe material deleted or crossed out in the source. In addition, some material may be particularly hard to transcribe because it is hard to make out on the page. The following elements may be used to record such phenomena: add (addition) contains letters, words, or phrases inserted in the text by an author, scribe, annotator, or corrector.gap (gap) indicates a point where material has been omitted in a transcription, whether for editorial reasons described in the TEI header, as part of sampling practice, or because the material is illegible, invisible, or inaudible.del (deletion) contains a letter, word, or passage deleted, marked as deleted, or otherwise indicated as superfluous or spurious in the copy text by an author, scribe, annotator, or corrector.unclear contains a word, phrase, or passage which cannot be transcribed with certainty because it is illegible or inaudible in the source.

These elements may be used to record changes made by an editor, by the transcriber, or (in manuscript material) by the author or scribe. For example, if the source for an electronic text read The following elements are provided for for simple editorial interventions. then it might be felt desirable to correct the obvious error, but at the same time to record the deletion of the superfluous second for, thus: The following elements are provided for ~~for~~ simple editorial interventions. The attribute value LB on the resp attribute indicates that LB corrected the duplication of for.

If the source readThe following elements provided for simple editorial interventions. (i.e. if the verb had been inadvertently dropped) then the corrected text might read: The following elements are provided for simple editorial interventions.

These elements are not limited to changes made by an editor; they can also be used to record authorial changes in manuscripts. A manuscript in which the author has first written How it galls me, what a galling shadow, then crossed out the word galls and inserted dogs might be encoded thus: How it ~~galls~~dogs me, what a galling shadow

Similarly, the <unclear> and <gap> elements may be used together to indicate the omission of illegible material; the following example also shows the use of <add> for a conjectural emendation: One hundred & twenty good regulars joined to me & instantly, would aid me signally in? an enterprise against Wilmington.

The <del> element marks material which is transcribed as part of the electronic text despite being marked as deleted, while <gap> marks the location of material which is omitted from the electronic text, whether it is legible or not. A language corpus, for example, might omit long quotations in foreign languages:

... An example of a list appearing in a fief ledger of Koldinghus1611/12 is given below. It shows cash income from a sale of honey.

quotation from ledger (in Danish)

A description of the overall structure of the account is once again ...

Other corpora (particular those constructed before the widespread use of scanners) systematically omit figures and mathematics:

At the bottom of your screen below the mode line is the minibuffer. This is the area where Emacs echoes the commands you enter and where you specify filenames for Emacs to find, values for search and replace, and so on. diagram of Emacs screen

Abbreviations and their Expansion

Like names, dates, and numbers, abbreviations may be transcribed as they stand or expanded; they may be left unmarked, or encoded using the following elements: abbr (abbreviation) contains an abbreviation of any sort.expan (expansion) contains the expansion of an abbreviation.

The <abbr> element is useful as a means of distinguishing semi-lexical items such as acronyms or jargon: We can sum up the above discussion as follows: the identity of a CC is defined by that calibration of values which motivates the elements of its GSP;Every manufacturer of 3GL or 4GL languages is currently nailing on OOP extensions

The type attribute may be used to distinguish types of abbreviation by their function.

The <expan> element is used to mark an expansion supplied by an encoder. This element is particularly useful in the transcription of manuscript materials. For example, the character p with a bar through its descender as a conventional representation for the word per is commonly encountered in Medieval European manuscripts. An encoder may choose to expand this as follows: per

The expansion corresponding with an abbreviated form may not always contain the same letters as the abbreviation. Where it does, however, common editorial practice is to italicize or otherwise signal which letters have been supplied. The <expan> element should not be used for this purpose since its function is to indicate an expanded form, not a part of one. For example, consider the common abbreviation wt (for with) found in medieval texts. In a modern edition, an editor might wish to represent this as with, italicising the letters not found in the source. An appropriate encoding for this purpose would be with

To record both an abbreviation and its expansion, the <choice> element mentioned above may be used to group the abbreviated form with its proposed expansion: wtwith

Names, Dates, and Numbers

The TEI scheme defines elements for a large number of data-like features which may appear almost anywhere within almost any kind of text. These features may be of particular interest in a range of disciplines; they all relate to objects external to the text itself, such as the names of persons and places, numbers and dates. They also pose particular problems for many natural language processing (NLP) applications because of the variety of ways in which they may be presented within a text. The elements described here, by making such features explicit, reduce the complexity of processing texts containing them.

Names and Referring Strings

A referring string is a phrase which refers to some person, place, object, etc. Two elements are provided to mark such strings: rs (referencing string) contains a general purpose name or referring string.name (name, proper noun) contains a proper noun or noun phrase.

The type attribute is used to distinguish amongst (for example) names of persons, places and organizations, where this is possible: My dear Mr. Bennet, said his lady to him one day, have you heard that Netherfield Park is let at last?It being one of the principles of the Circumlocution Office never, on any account whatsoever, to give a straightforward answer, Mr Barnacle said, Possibly.

As the following example shows, the <rs> element may be used for any reference to a person, place, etc, not necessarily one in the form of a proper noun or noun phrase. My dear Mr. Bennet, said his lady to him one day...

The <name> element by contrast is provided for the special case of referencing strings which consist only of proper nouns; it may be used synonymously with the <rs> element, or nested within it if a referring string contains a mixture of common and proper nouns.

Simply tagging something as a name is rarely enough to enable automatic processing of personal names into the canonical forms usually required for reference purposes. The name as it appears in the text may be inconsistently spelled, partial, or vague. Moreover, name prefixes such as van or de la, may or may not be included as part of the reference form of a name, depending on the language and country of origin of the bearer.

The key attribute provides an alternative normalized identifier for the object being named, like a database record key. It may thus be useful as a means of gathering together all references to the same individual or location scattered throughout a document: My dear Mr. Bennet, said his lady to him one day, have you heard that Netherfield Park is let at last?

This use should be distinguished from the case of the <reg> (regularization) element, which provides a means of marking the standard form of a referencing string as demonstrated below: Walter de la Marede la Mare, Walter was born at Charlton, in Kent, in 1873.

The <index> element discussed in may be more appropriate if the function of the regularization is to provide a consistent index:

Montaillou is not a large parish. At the time of the events which led to Fournier's Benedict XII, Pope of Avignon (Jacques Fournier) investigations, the local population consisted of between 200 and 250 inhabitants.

Although adequate for many simple applications, these methods have two inconveniences: if the name occurs many times, then its regularised form must be repeated many times; and the burden of additional XML markup in the body of the text may be inconvenient to maintain and complex to process. For applications such as onomastics, relating to persons or places named rather than the name itself, or wherever a detailed analysis of the component parts of a name is needed, the full TEI Guidelines provide a range of other solutions.

Dates and Times

Tags for the more detailed encoding of times and dates include the following: date contains a date in any format.time contains a phrase defining a time of day in any format.

The value attribute specifies a normalized form for the date or time, using one of the standard formats defined by ISO 8601. Partial dates or times (e.g. 1990, September 1990, twelvish) can be expressed by omitting a part of the value supplied, as in the following examples: 21 Feb 19801990September 1990SeptemberSept 11th, 12 minutes before 9 amNote in the last example the use of a normalized representation for the date string which includes a time: this example could thus equally well be tagged using the <time> element.

Given on the Twelfth Day of June in the Year of Our Lord One Thousand Nine Hundred and Seventy-seven of the Republic the Two Hundredth and first and of the University the Eighty-Sixth.specially when it's nine below zeroand three o'clock in the afternoon

Numbers

Numbers can be written with either letters or digits (twenty-one, xxi, and 21) and their presentation is language-dependent (e.g. English 5th becomes Greek 5.; English 123,456.78 equals French 123.456,78). In natural-language processing or machine-translation applications, it is often helpful to distinguish them from other, more lexical parts of the text. In other applications, the ability to record a number's value in standard notation is important. The <num> element provides this possibility: num (number) contains a number, written in any form.

For example: xxxiiitwenty-oneten percent10%5th

Lists

The element <list> is used to mark any kind of list. A list is a sequence of text items, which may be ordered, unordered, or a glossary list. Each item may be preceded by an item label (in a glossary list, this label is the term being defined): list (list) contains any sequence of items organized as a list.item contains one component of a list.label contains the label associated with an item in a list; in glossaries, marks the term being defined.

Individual list items are tagged with <item>. The first <item> may optionally be preceded by a <head>, which gives a heading for the list. The numbering of a list may be omitted, indicated using the n attribute on each item, or (rarely) tagged as content using the <label> element. The following are all thus equivalent: A short listFirst item in list.Second item in list.Third item in list.A short listFirst item in list.Second item in list.Third item in list.A short list1First item in list.2Second item in list.3Third item in list. The styles should not be mixed in the same list.

A simple two-column table may be treated as a glossary list, tagged <list type="gloss">. Here, each item comprises a term and a gloss, marked with <label> and <item> respectively. These correspond to the elements <term> and <gloss>, which can occur anywhere in prose text. Vocabularynunowlhudeloudlyblowethbloomsmedmeadowwudewoodaweewelhouthlowsstertethbounds, frisksvertethpeditmuriemerrilyswikceasenavernever

Where the internal structure of a list item is more complex, it may be preferable to regard the list as a table, for which special-purpose tagging is defined below ().

Lists of whatever kind can, of course, nest within list items to any depth required. Here, for example, a glossary list contains two items, each of which is itself a simple list: EVILI am cast upon a horrible desolate island, void of all hope of recovery.I am singled out and separated as it were from all the world to be miserable.I am divided from mankind — a solitaire; one banished from human society.GOODBut I am alive; and not drowned, as all my ship's company were.But I am singled out, too, from all the ship's crew, to be spared from death...But I am not starved, and perishing on a barren place, affording no sustenances....

A list need not necessarily be displayed in list format. For example,

On those remote pages it is written that animals are divided into those that belong to the Emperor, embalmed ones, those that are trained, suckling pigs, mermaids, fabulous ones, stray dogs, those that are included in this classification, those that tremble as if they were mad, innumerable ones, those drawn with a very fine camel's-hair brush, others, those that have just broken a flower vase, those that resemble flies from a distance.

Lists of bibliographic items should be tagged using the <listBibl> element, described in the next section.

Bibliographic Citations

It is often useful to distinguish bibliographic citations where they occur within texts being transcribed for research, if only so that they will be properly formatted when the text is printed out. The element <bibl> is provided for this purpose. Where the components of a bibliographic reference are to be distinguished, the following elements may be used as appropriate. It is generally useful to mark at least those parts (such as the titles of articles, books, and journals) which will need special formatting. The other elements are provided for cases where particular interest attaches to such details. bibl (bibliographic citation) contains a loosely-structured bibliographic citation of which the sub-components may or may not be explicitly tagged. author in a bibliographic reference, contains the name of the author(s), personal or corporate, of a work; the primary statement of responsibility for any bibliographic item. biblScope (scope of citation) defines the scope of a bibliographic reference, for example as a list of page numbers, or a named subdivision of a larger work.date contains a date in any format.editor secondary statement of responsibility for a bibliographic item, for example the name of an individual, institution or organization, (or of several such) acting as editor, compiler, translator, etc. publisher provides the name of the organization responsible for the publication or distribution of a bibliographic item.pubPlace (publication place) contains the name of the place where a bibliographic item was published.title contains a title for any kind of work.

For example, the following editorial note might be transcribed as shown: He was a member of Parliament for Warwickshire in 1445, and died March 14, 1470 (according to Kittredge, Harvard Studies 5. 88ff).He was a member of Parliament for Warwickshire in 1445, and died March 14, 1470 (according to Kittredge, Harvard Studies5. 88ff).

For lists of bibliographic citations, the <listBibl> element should be used; it may contain a series of <bibl> elements.

Tables

Tables represent a challenge for any text processing system, but simple tables, at least, appear in so many texts that even in the simplified TEI tag set presented here, markup for tables is necessary. The following elements are provided for this purpose: table contains text displayed in tabular form, in rows and columns.row contains one row of a table. cell contains one cell of a table.

For example, Defoe uses mortality tables like the following in the Journal of the Plague Year to show the rise and ebb of the epidemic:

It was indeed coming on amain, for the burials that same week were in the next adjoining parishes thus:— St. Leonard's, Shoreditch6484119St. Botolph's, Bishopsgate65105116St. Giles's, Cripplegate213421554

This shutting up of houses was at first counted a very cruel and unchristian method, and the poor people so confined made bitter lamentations. ...

Figures and Graphics

Not all the components of a document are necessarily textual. The most straightforward text will often contain diagrams or illustrations, to say nothing of documents in which image and text are inextricably intertwined, or electronic resources in which the two are complementary.

The encoder may simply record the presence of a graphic within the text, possibly with a brief description of its content, by using the elements described in this section. The same elements may also be used to embed digitized versions of the graphic within an electronic document. graphic/ indicates the location of an inline graphic, illustration, or figure.figure groups elements representing or containing graphic information such as an illustration or figure.figDesc (description of figure) contains a brief prose description of the appearance or content of a graphic figure, for use when documenting an image without displaying it.

Any textual information accompanying the graphic, such as a heading and/or caption, may be included within the <figure> element itself, in a <head> and one or more <p> elements, as may also any text appearing within the graphic itself. It is strongly recommended that a prose description of the image be supplied, as the content of a <figDesc> element, for the use of applications which are not able to render the graphic, and to render the document accessible to vision-impaired readers. (Such text is not normally considered part of the document proper.)

The simplest use for these elements is to mark the position of a graphic and provide a link to it, as in this example; This indicates that the graphic contained by the file p412fig.png appears between pages 412 and 413.

The <graphic> element can appear anywhere that textual content is permitted, within but not between paragraphs or headings. In the following example, the encoder has decided to treat a specific printer's ornament as a heading:

More usually, a graphic will have at the least an identifying title, which may be encoded using the <head> element, or a number of figures may be grouped together in a particular structure. It is also often convenient to include a brief description of the image. The <figure> element provides a means of wrapping one or more such elements together as a kind of graphic block:

Mr Fezziwig's BallA Cruikshank engraving showing Mr Fezziwig leading a group of revellers.

When a digitized version of the graphic concerned is available, it may be embedded at the appropriate point within the document in this way.

Interpretation and Analysis

It is often said that all markup is a form of interpretation or analysis. While it is certainly difficult, and may be impossible, to distinguish firmly between objective and subjective information in any universal way, it remains true that judgments concerning the latter are typically regarded as more likely to provide controversy than those concerning the former. Many scholars therefore prefer to record such interpretations only if it is possible to alert the reader that they are considered more open to dispute, than the rest of the markup. This section describes some of the elements provided by the TEI scheme to meet this need.

Orthographic Sentences

Interpretation typically ranges across the whole of a text, with no particular respect to other structural units. A useful preliminary to intensive interpretation is therefore to segment the text into discrete and identifiable units, each of which can then bear a label for use as a sort of canonical reference. To facilitate such uses, these units may not cross each other, nor nest within each other. They may conveniently be represented using the following element: s (s-unit) contains a sentence-like division of a text.

As the name suggests, the <s> element is most commonly used (in linguistic applications at least) for marking orthographic sentences, that is, units defined by orthographic features such as punctuation. For example, the passage from Jane Eyre discussed earlier might be divided into s-units as follows:

~~Reader, I married him.A quiet wedding we had:he and I, the parson and clerk, were alone present.When we got back from church, I went into the kitchen of the manor-house, where Mary was cooking the dinner, and John cleaning the knives, and I said —~~

~~Mary, I have been married to Mr Rochester this morning.~~ ...

Note that <s> elements cannot nest: the beginning of one <s> element implies that the previous one has finished. When s-units are tagged as shown above, it is advisable to tag the entire text end-to-end, so that every word in the text being analysed will be contained by exactly one <s> element, whose identifier can then be used to specify a unique reference for it. If the identifiers used are unique within the document, then the xml:id attribute might be used in preference to the n used in the above example.

General-Purpose Interpretation Elements

A more general purpose segmentation element, the <seg> has already been introduced for use in identifying otherwise unmarked targets of cross references and hypertext links (see section ); it identifies some phrase-level portion of text to which the encoder may assign a user-specified type, as well as a unique identifier; it may thus be used to tag textual features for which there is no provision in the published TEI Guidelines.

For example, the Guidelines provide no apostrophe element to mark parts of a literary text in which the narrator addresses the reader (or hearer) directly. One approach might be to regard these as instances of the <q> element, distinguished from others by an appropriate value for the who attribute. A possibly simpler, and certainly more general, solution would however be to use the <seg> element as follows:

Reader, I married him. A quiet wedding we had: ...

The type attribute on the <seg> element can take any value, and so can be used to record phrase-level phenomena of any kind; it is good practice to record the values used and their significance in the header.

A <seg> element of one type (unlike the <s> element which it superficially resembles) can be nested within a <seg> element of the same or another type. This enables quite complex structures to be represented; some examples were given in section above. However, because it must respect the requirement that elements be properly nested, and may not cut across each other, it cannot cope with the common requirement to associate an interpretation with arbitrary segments of a text which may completely ignore the document hierarchy. It also requires that the interpretation itself be represented by a single coded value in the type attribute.

Neither restriction applies to the <interp> element, which provides powerful features for the encoding of quite complex interpretive information in a relatively straightforward manner. interp (interpretation) summarizes a specific interpretative annotation which can be linked to a span of text.interpGrp (interpretation group) collects together a set of related interpretations which share responsibility or type. These elements allows the encoder to specify both the class of an interpretation, and the particular instance of that class which the interpretation involves. Thus, whereas with <seg> one can say simply that something is an apostrophe, with <interp> one can say that it is an instance (apostrophe) of a larger class (rhetorical figures).

Moreover, <interp> is an empty element, which must be linked to the passage to which it applies either by means of the ana attribute discussed in section above, or by means of its own inst attribute. This means that any kind of analysis can be represented, with no need to respect the document hierarchy, and also facilitates the grouping of analyses of a particular type together. A special purpose <interpGrp> element is provided for the latter purpose.

For example, suppose that you wish to mark such diverse aspects of a text as themes or subject matter, rhetorical figures, and the locations of individual scenes of the narrative. Different portions of our sample passage from Jane Eyre for example, might be associated with the rhetorical figures of apostrophe, hyperbole, and metaphor; with subject-matter references to churches, servants, cooking, postal service, and honeymoons; and with scenes located in the church, in the kitchen, and in an unspecified location (drawing room?).

These interpretations could be placed anywhere within the <text> element; it is however good practice to put them all in the same place (e.g. a separate section of the front or back matter), as in the following example:

apostrophehyperbolechurchchurchservants

The evident redundancy of this encoding can be considerably reduced by using the <interpGrp> element to group together all those <interp> elements which share common attribute values, as follows:

apostrophehyperbolemetaphorchurchkitchenunspecifiedchurchservantscooking

Once these interpretation elements have been defined, they can be linked with the parts of the text to which they apply in either or both of two ways. The ana attribute can be used on whichever element is appropriate:

~~Reader, I married him.~~

Note in this example that since the paragraph has two settings (in the church and in the kitchen), the identifiers of both have been supplied.

Alternatively, the <interp> elements can point to all the parts of the text to which they apply, using their inst attribute: apostrophechurchkitchen

The <interp> is not limited to any particular type of analysis, The literary analysis shown above is but one possibility; one could equally well use <interp> to capture a linguistic part-of-speech analysis. For example, the example sentence given in section assumes a linguistic analysis which might be represented as follows: noun phrase, singularinflected verb, present-tense singular ...

Technical Documentation

Although the focus of this document is on the use of the TEI scheme for the encoding of existing pre-electronic documents, the same scheme may also be used for the encoding of new documents. In the preparation of new documents (such as this one), XML has much to recommend it: the document's structure can be clearly represented, and the same electronic text can be re-used for many purposes — to provide both online hypertext or browsable versions and well-formatted typeset versions from a common source for example.

To facilitate this, the TEI Lite schema includes some elements for marking features of technical documents in general, and of XML-related documents in particular.

Additional Elements for Technical Documents

The following elements may be used to mark particular features of technical documents: eg (example) contains any kind of illustrative example. code contains literal code from some formal language such as a programming language.ident (identifier) contains an identifier or name for an object of some kind in a formal language.gi (element name) contains the name (generic identifier) of an element.att (attribute) contains the name of an attribute appearing within running text.formula contains a mathematical or other formula.val (value) contains a single attribute value.

The following example shows how these elements might be used to encode a passage from a tutorial introducing the Fortran programming language:

It is traditional to introduce a language with a program like the following: CHAR*12 GRTG GRTG = 'HELLO WORLD' PRINT *, GRTG END

This simple example first declares a variable GRTG, in the line CHAR*12 GRTG, which identifies GRTG as consisting of 12 bytes of type CHAR. To this variable, the value HELLO WORLD is then assigned.

A formatting application, given a text like that above, can be instructed to format examples appropriately (e.g. to preserve line breaks, or to use a distinctive font). Similarly, the use of tags such as <ident> greatly facilitates the construction of a useful index.

The <formula> element should be used to enclose a mathematical or chemical formula presented within the text as a distinct item. Since formulae generally include a large variety of special typographic features not otherwise present in ordinary text, it will usually be necessary to present the body of the formula in a specialized notation. The notation used should be specified by the notation attribute, as in the following example: \begin{math}E = mc^{2}\end{math}

A particular problem arises when XML encoding is the subject of discussion within a technical document, itself encoded in XML. In such a document, it is clearly essential to distinguish clearly the markup occurring within examples from that marking up the document itself, and end-tags are highly likely to occur. One simple solution is to use the predefined entity reference < to represent each < character which marks the start of an XML tag within the examples. A more general solution is to mark off the whole body of each example as containing data which is not to be scanned for XML mark-up by the parser. This is achieved by enclosing it within a special XML construct called a CDATA marked section, as in the following example: <p>A list should be encoded as follows: <eg><![ CDATA [ <list> <item>First item in the list</item> <item>Second item</item> </list> ]]> </eg> The <gi>list</gi> element consists of a series of <gi>item</gi> elements.

The <list> element used within the example above will not be regarded as forming part of the document proper, because it is embedded within a marked section (beginning with the special markup declaration <![CDATA[ , and ending with ]]>).

Note also the use of the <gi> element to tag references to element names (or generic identifiers) within the body of the text.

Generated Divisions

Most modern document production systems have the ability to generate automatically whole sections such as a table of contents or an index. The TEI Lite scheme provides an element to mark the location at which such a generated section should be placed. divGen (automatically generated text division) indicates the location at which a textual division generated automatically by a text-processing application is to appear.

The <divGen> element can be placed anywhere that a division element would be legal, as in the following example:

Preface

Appendix

This example also demonstrates the use of the type attribute to distinguish the different kinds of division to be generated: in the first case a table of contents (a toc) and in the second an index.

When an existing index or table of contents is to be encoded (rather than one being generated) for some reason, the <list> element discussed in section should be used.

Index Generation

While production of a table of contents from a properly tagged document is generally unproblematic for an automatic processor, the production of a good quality index will often require more careful tagging. It may not be enough simply to produce a list of all parts tagged in some particular way, although extracting (for example) all occurrences of elements such as <term> or <name> will often be a good departure point for an index.

The TEI schema provides a special purpose <index> tag which may be used to mark both the parts of the document which should be indexed, and how the indexing should be done. index (index entry) marks a location to be indexed for whatever purpose.

For example, the second paragraph of this section might include the following:... TEI lite also provides a special purpose index tag indexingindex (tag)use in index generation which may be used ...

The <index> element can also be used to provide a form of interpretive or analytic information. For example, in a study of Ovid, it might be desired to record all the poet's references to different figures, for comparative stylistic study. In the following lines of the Metamorphoses, such a study would record the poet's references to Jupiter (as deus, se, and as the subject of confiteor [in inflectional form number 227]), to Jupiter-in-the-guise-of-a-bull (as imago tauri fallacis and the subject of teneo), and so on.The analysis is taken, with permission, from Willard McCarty and Burton Wright, An Analytical Onomasticon to the Metamorphoses of Ovid (Princeton: Princeton University Press, forthcoming). Some simplifications have been undertaken.iamque deus posita fallacis imagine taurise confessus erat Dictaeaque rura tenebat This need might be met using the <note> element discussed in section in , or with the <interp> element discussed in section . Here we demonstrate how it might also be satisfied by using the <index> element.

We assume that the object is to generate more than one index: one for names of deities (called dn), another for onomastic references (called on), a third for pronominal references (called pr) and so forth. One way of achieving this might be as follows: iamque deus posita fallacis imagine tauri IuppiterdeusIuppiter (taurus)imago tauri fallacisse confessus erat Dictaeaque rura tenebat IuppiterseIuppiterconfiteor (v227) For each <index> element above, an entry will be generated in the appropriate index, using as headword the content of the <term> element it contains; the <term> elements nested within the secondary <index> element in each case provide a secondary keyword. The actual reference will be taken from the context in which the <index> element appears, i.e. in this case the identifier of the <l> element containing it.

Addresses

The <address> element is used to mark a postal address of any kind. It contains one or more <addrLine> elements, one for each line of the address. address contains a postal address, for example of a publisher, an organization, or an individual.addrLine (address line) contains one line of a postal address.

Here is a simple example:

Computer Center (M/C 135)1940 W. Taylor, Room 124Chicago, IL 60612-7352U.S.A.

The individual parts of an address may be further distinguished by using the <name> element discussed above (section ).

Computer Center (M/C 135)1940 W. Taylor, Room 124Chicago, IL 60612-7352USA

Character Sets, Diacritics, etc.

With the advent of XML and its adoption of Unicode as the required character set for all documents, most problems previously associated with the representation of the divers languages and writing systems of the world are greatly reduced. For those working with standard forms of the European languages in particular, almost no special action is needed: any XML editor should enable you to input accented letters or other non-ASCII characters directly, and they should be stored in the resulting file in a way which is transferable directly between different systems.

There are two important exceptions: the characters & and < may not be entered directly in an XML document, since they have a special significance as initiating markup. They must always be represented as entity references, like this: & or <. Other characters may also be represented by means of entity reference where necessary, for example to retain compatibility with a pre-Unicode processing system.

Front and Back Matter

Front Matter

For many purposes, particularly in older texts, the preliminary material such as title pages, prefatory epistles, etc., may provide very useful additional linguistic or social information. P5 provides a set of recommendations for distinguishing the textual elements most commonly encountered in front matter, which are summarized here.

Title Page

The start of a title page should be marked with the element <titlePage>. All text contained on the page should be transcribed and tagged with the appropriate element from the following list: titlePage (title page) contains the title page of a text, appearing within the front or back matter. docTitle (document title) contains the title of a document, including all its constituents, as given on a title page.titlePart contains a subsection or division of the title of a work, as indicated on a title page.byline contains the primary statement of responsibility given for a work on its title page or at the head or end of the work.docAuthor (document author) contains the name of the author of the document, as given on the title page (often but not always contained in a byline).docDate (document date) contains the date of a document, as given (usually) on a title page.docEdition (document edition) contains an edition statement as presented on a title page of a document.docImprint (document imprint) contains the imprint statement (place and date of publication, publisher name), as given (usually) at the foot of a title page.epigraph contains a quotation, anonymous or attributed, appearing at the start of a section or chapter, or on a title page.

Typeface distinctions should be marked with the rend attribute when necessary, as described above. Very detailed description of the letter spacing and sizing used in ornamental titles is not as yet provided for by the Guidelines. Changes of language should be marked by appropriate use of the lang attribute or the <foreign> element, as necessary. Names, wherever they appear, should be tagged using the <name>, as elsewhere.

Two example title pages follow: PARADISE REGAIN'D. A POEM In IV BOOKS. To which is added SAMSON AGONISTES. The Author JOHN MILTONLONDON, Printed by J.M. for John Starkey at the Mitre in Fleetstreet, near Temple-Bar.MDCLXXI Lives of the Queens of England, from the Norman Conquest;with anecdotes of their courts. Now first published from Official Records and other authentic documents private as well as public.New edition, with corrections and additionsBy Agnes StricklandThe treasures of antiquity laid up in old historic rolls, I opened.BEAUMONTPhiladelphia: Blanchard and Lea1860.

Prefatory Matter

Major blocks of text within the front matter should be marked as <div> or <div> elements; the following suggested values for the type attribute may be used to distinguish various common types of prefatory matter: foreworda text addressed to the reader, by the author, editor or publisher, possibly in the form of a letter.prefacea text addressed to the reader, by the author, editor or publisher, possibly in the form of a letter.dedicationa text (often a letter) addressed to someone other than the reader in which the author typically commends the work in hand to the attention of the person concerned.abstracta prose argument summarizing the content of the work.ackAcknowledgements.contentsa table of contents (typically this should be tagged as a <list>).frontispiecea pictorial frontispiece, possibly including some text.

Like any text division, those in front matter may contain low level structural or non-structural elements as described elsewhere. They will generally begin with a heading or title of some kind which should be tagged using the <head> element. Epistles will contain the following additional elements: salute (salutation) contains a salutation or greeting prefixed to a foreword, dedicatory epistle, or other division of a text, or the salutation in the closing of a letter, preface, etc.signed (signature) contains the closing salutation, etc., appended to a foreword, dedicatory epistle, or other division of a text. byline contains the primary statement of responsibility given for a work on its title page or at the head or end of the work.dateline contains a brief description of the place, date, time, etc. of production of a letter, newspaper story, or other work, prefixed or suffixed to it as a kind of heading or trailer. argument A formal list or prose description of the topics addressed by a subdivision of a text.cit (cited quotation) contains a quotation from some other document, together with a bibliographic reference to its source. In a dictionary it may contain an example text with at least one occurrence of the word form, used in the sense being described, or a translation of the headword, or an example. opener groups together dateline, byline, salutation, and similar phrases appearing as a preliminary group at the start of a division, especially of a letter.closer groups together salutations, datelines, and similar phrases appearing as a final group at the end of a division, especially of a letter.

Epistles which appear elsewhere in a text will, of course, contain these same elements.

As an example, the dedication at the start of Milton's Comus should be marked up as follows:

To the Right Honourable JOHN Lord Viscount BRACLY, Son and Heir apparent to the Earl of Bridgewater, &c.MY LORD,

THis Poem, which receiv'd its first occasion of Birth from your Self, and others of your Noble Family .... and as in this representation your attendant Thyrsis, so now in all reall expression

Your faithfull, and most humble servantH. LAWES.

Back Matter

Structural Divisions of Back Matter

Because of variations in publishing practice, back matter can contain virtually any of the elements listed above for front matter, and the same elements should be used where this is so. Additionally, back matter may contain the following types of matter within the <back> element. Like the structural divisions of the body, these should be marked as <div> elements, and distinguished by the following suggested values of the type attribute: appendixan appendix.glossarya list of words and definitions, typically marked up as a <list type="gloss"> element .notesa series of <note> elements.bibliographya series of bibliographic references, typically in the form of a special bibliographic-list element <listBibl>, whose items are individual <bibl> elements.indexa set of index entries, possibly represented as a structured list or glossary list, with optional leading <head> and perhaps some paragraphs of introductory or closing text (An index may also be generated for a document by using the <index> element, described above in section ).colophona description at the back of the book describing where, when, and by whom it was printed; in modern books it also often gives production details and identifies the type faces used.

The Electronic Title Page

Every TEI text has a header which provides information analogous to that provided by the title page of printed text. The header is introduced by the element <teiHeader> and has four major parts: fileDesc (file description) contains a full bibliographic description of an electronic file.encodingDesc (encoding description) documents the relationship between an electronic text and the source or sources from which it was derived.profileDesc (text-profile description) provides a detailed description of non-bibliographic aspects of a text, specifically the languages and sublanguages used, the situation in which it was produced, the participants and their setting.revisionDesc (revision description) summarizes the revision history for a file.

A corpus or collection of texts, which share many characteristics, may have one header for the corpus and individual headers for each component of the corpus. In this case the type attribute indicates the type of header. <teiHeader type="corpus"> introduces the header for corpus-level information.

Some of the header elements contain running prose which consists of one or more <p>s. Others are grouped: Elements whose names end in Stmt(for statement) usually enclose a group of elements recording some structured information.Elements whose names end in Decl (for declaration) enclose information about specific encoding practices.Elements whose names end in Desc (for description) contain a prose description.

The File Description

The <fileDesc> element is mandatory. It contains a full bibliographic description of the file with the following elements: titleStmt (title statement) groups information about the title of a work and those responsible for its intellectual content.editionStmt (edition statement) groups information relating to one edition of a text.extent describes the approximate size of a text as stored on some carrier medium, whether digital or non-digital, specified in any convenient units.publicationStmt (publication statement) groups information concerning the publication or distribution of an electronic or other text. seriesStmt (series statement) groups information about the series, if any, to which a publication belongs.notesStmt (notes statement) collects together any notes providing information about a text additional to that recorded in other parts of the bibliographic description.sourceDesc (source description) describes the source from which an electronic text was derived or generated, typically a bibliographic description in the case of a digitized text, or a phrase such as "born digital" for a text which has no previous existence.

A minimal header has the following structure:

The Title Statement

The following elements can be used in the <titleStmt>: title contains a title for any kind of work.author in a bibliographic reference, contains the name of the author(s), personal or corporate, of a work; the primary statement of responsibility for any bibliographic item. sponsor specifies the name of a sponsoring organization or institution.funder (funding body) specifies the name of an individual, institution, or organization responsible for the funding of a project or text.principal (principal researcher) supplies the name of the principal researcher responsible for the creation of an electronic text.respStmt (statement of responsibility) supplies a statement of responsibility for the intellectual content of a text, edition, recording, or series, where the specialized elements for authors, editors, etc. do not suffice or do not apply.

It is recommended that the title should distinguish the computer file from the source text, for example: [title of source]: a machine readable transcription [title of source]: electronic edition A machine readable version of: [title of source] The <respStmt> element contains the following subcomponents: resp (responsibility) contains a phrase describing the nature of a person's intellectual responsibility.name (name, proper noun) contains a proper noun or noun phrase. Example: Two stories by Edgar Allen Poe: a machine readable transcriptionPoe, Edgar Allen (1809-1849)compiled byJames D. Benson

The Edition Statement

The <editionStmt> groups information relating to one edition of a text (where edition is used as elsewhere in bibliography), and may include the following elements: edition (edition) describes the particularities of one edition of a text.respStmt (statement of responsibility) supplies a statement of responsibility for the intellectual content of a text, edition, recording, or series, where the specialized elements for authors, editors, etc. do not suffice or do not apply.

Example: Third draft, substantially revised 1987

Determining exactly what constitutes a new edition of an electronic text is left to the encoder.

The Extent Statement

The <extent> statement describe the approximate size of a file.

Example: 4532 bytes

The Publication Statement

The <publicationStmt> is mandatory. It may contain a simple prose description or groups of the elements described below: publisher provides the name of the organization responsible for the publication or distribution of a bibliographic item.distributor supplies the name of a person or other agency responsible for the distribution of a text.authority (release authority) supplies the name of a person or other agency responsible for making an electronic file available, other than a publisher or distributor.

At least one of these three elements must be present, unless the entire publication statement is in prose. The following elements may occur within them: pubPlace (publication place) contains the name of the place where a bibliographic item was published.address contains a postal address, for example of a publisher, an organization, or an individual.idno (identifying number) supplies any standard or non-standard number used to identify a bibliographic item.availability supplies information about the availability of a text, for example any restrictions on its use or distribution, its copyright status, etc.date contains a date in any format.

Example: Oxford University PressOxford1989 0-19-254705-5

Series and Notes Statements

The <seriesStmt> element groups information about the series, if any, to which a publication belongs. It may contain <title>, <idno>, or <respStmt> elements.

The <notesStmt>, if used, contains one or more <note> elements which contain a note or annotation. Some information found in the notes area in conventional bibliography has been assigned specific elements in the TEI scheme.

The Source Description

The <sourceDesc> is a mandatory element which records details of the source or sources from which the computer file is derived. It may contain simple prose or a bibliographic citation, using one or more of the following elements: bibl (bibliographic citation) contains a loosely-structured bibliographic citation of which the sub-components may or may not be explicitly tagged. biblFull (fully-structured bibliographic citation) contains a fully-structured bibliographic citation, in which all components of the TEI file description are present.listBibl (citation list) contains a list of bibliographic citations of any kind.

Examples: The first folio of Shakespeare, prepared by Charlton Hinman (The Norton Facsimile, 1968)CNN Network NewsNews headlines12 Jun 1989

The Encoding Description

The <encodingDesc> element specifies the methods and editorial principles which governed the transcription of the text. Its use is highly recommended. It may be prose description or may contain elements from the following list: projectDesc (project description) describes in detail the aim or purpose for which an electronic file was encoded, together with any other relevant information concerning the process by which it was assembled or collected.samplingDecl (sampling declaration) contains a prose description of the rationale and methods used in sampling texts in the creation of a corpus or collection.editorialDecl (editorial practice declaration) provides details of editorial principles and practices applied during the encoding of a text.refsDecl (references declaration) specifies how canonical references are constructed for this text.classDecl (classification declarations) contains one or more taxonomies defining any classificatory codes used elsewhere in the text.

Project and Sampling Descriptions

Examples of <projectDesc> and <samplingDesc>:

Texts collected for use in the Claremont Shakespeare Clinic, June 1990.

Samples of 2000 words taken from the beginning of the text

Editorial Declarations

The <editorialDecl> contains a prose description of the practices used when encoding the text. Typically this description should cover such topics as the following, each of which may conveniently be given as a separate paragraph. correction how and under what circumstances corrections have been made in the text.normalizationthe extent to which the original source has been regularized or normalized.quotationwhat has been done with quotation marks in the original -- have they been retained or replaced by entity references, are opening and closing quotes distinguished, etc. hyphenationwhat has been done with hyphens (especially end-of-line hyphens) in the original -- have they been retained, replaced by entity references, etc.segmentationhow has the text has been segmented, for example into sentences, tone-units, graphemic strata, etc.interpretationwhat analytic or interpretive information has been added to the text.

Example:

The part of speech analysis applied throughout section 4 was added by hand and has not been checked.

Errors in transcription controlled by using the WordPerfect spelling checker.

All words converted to Modern American spelling using Webster's 9th Collegiate dictionary.

All quotation marks converted to entity references odq and cdq.

Reference and Classification Declarations

The <refsDecl> element is used to document the way in which any standard referencing scheme built into the encoding works. In its simplest form, it consists of prose description.

Example:

The n attribute on each div contains the canonical reference for each such division in the form XX.yyy where XX is the book number in roman numeral and yyy is the section number in arabic.

The <classDecl> element groups together definitions or sources for any descriptive classification schemes used by other parts of the header. At least one such scheme must be provided, encoded using the following elements: taxonomy defines a typology used to classify texts either implicitly, by means of a bibliographic citation, or explicitly by a structured taxonomy.bibl (bibliographic citation) contains a loosely-structured bibliographic citation of which the sub-components may or may not be explicitly tagged. category contains an individual descriptive category, possibly nested within a superordinate category, within a user-defined taxonomy.catDesc (category description) describes some category within a taxonomy or text typology, either in the form of a brief prose description or in terms of the situational parameters used by the TEI formal textDesc.

In the simplest case, the taxonomy may be defined by a bibliographic reference, as in the following example: Library of Congress Subject Headings

Alternatively, or in addition, the encoder may define a special purpose classification scheme, as in the following example: Brown CorpusPress ReportageDailySundayNationalProvincialPoliticalSportsReligionBooksPeriodicals and tracts

Linkage between a particular text and a category within such a taxonomy is made by means of the <catRef> element within the <textClass> element, as further described below.

The Profile Description

The <profileDesc> element enables information characterizing various descriptive aspects of a text to be recorded within a single framework. It has three optional components: creation contains information about the creation of a text.langUsage (language usage) describes the languages, sublanguages, registers, dialects, etc. represented within a text.textClass (text classification) groups information which describes the nature or topic of a text in terms of a standard classification scheme, thesaurus, etc.

The <creation> element is useful for documenting where a work was created, even though it may not have been published or recorded there.

Example: August 1992Taos, New Mexico

The <langUsage> element is useful where a text contains many different languages. It may contain <language> elements to document each particular language used: language characterizes a single language or sublanguage used within a text. an example is needed.

The <textClass> element classifies a text by reference to the system or systems defined by the <classDecl> element, and contains one or more of the following elements: keywords contains a list of keywords or phrases identifying the topic or nature of a text.classCode (classification code) contains the classification code used for this text in some standard classification system.catRef/ (category reference) specifies one or more defined categories within some taxonomy or text typology.

The element <keywords> contains a list of keywords or phrases identifying the topic or nature of a text. The attribute scheme links these to the classification system defined in <taxonomy>. English literature -- History and criticism -- Data processing.English literature -- History and criticism -- Theory etc.English language -- Style -- Data processing.

The Revision Description

The <revisionDesc> element provides a change log in which each change made to a text may be recorded. The log may be recorded as a sequence of <change> elements each of which contains a brief description of the change. The attributes date and who may be used to identify when the change was carried out and the agency responsible for it.

Example: File format updatedStuart's corrections entered

List of Elements Described

The following list shows all the elements defined for the TEI Lite schema, with a brief description of each, and a link to its full specification in the Appendix. abbr (abbreviation) contains an abbreviation of any sort.add (addition) contains letters, words, or phrases inserted in the text by an author, scribe, annotator, or corrector.address contains a postal address, for example of a publisher, an organization, or an individual.addrLine (address line) contains one line of a postal address.anchor/ (anchor point) attaches an identifier to a point within a text, whether or not it corresponds with a textual element.argument A formal list or prose description of the topics addressed by a subdivision of a text.author in a bibliographic reference, contains the name of the author(s), personal or corporate, of a work; the primary statement of responsibility for any bibliographic item. authority (release authority) supplies the name of a person or other agency responsible for making an electronic file available, other than a publisher or distributor.availability supplies information about the availability of a text, for example any restrictions on its use or distribution, its copyright status, etc.back (back matter) contains any appendixes, etc. following the main part of a text.bibl (bibliographic citation) contains a loosely-structured bibliographic citation of which the sub-components may or may not be explicitly tagged. biblFull (fully-structured bibliographic citation) contains a fully-structured bibliographic citation, in which all components of the TEI file description are present.biblScope (scope of citation) defines the scope of a bibliographic reference, for example as a list of page numbers, or a named subdivision of a larger work.body (text body) contains the whole body of a single unitary text, excluding any front or back matter.byline contains the primary statement of responsibility given for a work on its title page or at the head or end of the work.catDesc (category description) describes some category within a taxonomy or text typology, either in the form of a brief prose description or in terms of the situational parameters used by the TEI formal textDesc.category contains an individual descriptive category, possibly nested within a superordinate category, within a user-defined taxonomy.catRef/ (category reference) specifies one or more defined categories within some taxonomy or text typology.cell contains one cell of a table. change summarizes a particular change or correction made to a particular version of an electronic text which is shared between several researchers.choice groups a number of alternative encodings for the same point in a text.cit (cited quotation) contains a quotation from some other document, together with a bibliographic reference to its source. In a dictionary it may contain an example text with at least one occurrence of the word form, used in the sense being described, or a translation of the headword, or an example. classCode (classification code) contains the classification code used for this text in some standard classification system.classDecl (classification declarations) contains one or more taxonomies defining any classificatory codes used elsewhere in the text.closer groups together salutations, datelines, and similar phrases appearing as a final group at the end of a division, especially of a letter.code contains literal code from some formal language such as a programming language.corr (correction) contains the correct form of a passage apparently erroneous in the copy text.creation contains information about the creation of a text.date contains a date in any format.dateline contains a brief description of the place, date, time, etc. of production of a letter, newspaper story, or other work, prefixed or suffixed to it as a kind of heading or trailer. del (deletion) contains a letter, word, or passage deleted, marked as deleted, or otherwise indicated as superfluous or spurious in the copy text by an author, scribe, annotator, or corrector.distributor supplies the name of a person or other agency responsible for the distribution of a text.div (text division) contains a subdivision of the front, body, or back of a text.divGen (automatically generated text division) indicates the location at which a textual division generated automatically by a text-processing application is to appear.docAuthor (document author) contains the name of the author of the document, as given on the title page (often but not always contained in a byline).docDate (document date) contains the date of a document, as given (usually) on a title page.docEdition (document edition) contains an edition statement as presented on a title page of a document.docImprint (document imprint) contains the imprint statement (place and date of publication, publisher name), as given (usually) at the foot of a title page.docTitle (document title) contains the title of a document, including all its constituents, as given on a title page.edition (edition) describes the particularities of one edition of a text.editionStmt (edition statement) groups information relating to one edition of a text.editor secondary statement of responsibility for a bibliographic item, for example the name of an individual, institution or organization, (or of several such) acting as editor, compiler, translator, etc. editorialDecl (editorial practice declaration) provides details of editorial principles and practices applied during the encoding of a text.eg (example) contains any kind of illustrative example. emph (emphasized) marks words or phrases which are stressed or emphasized for linguistic or rhetorical effect.encodingDesc (encoding description) documents the relationship between an electronic text and the source or sources from which it was derived.epigraph contains a quotation, anonymous or attributed, appearing at the start of a section or chapter, or on a title page. extent describes the approximate size of a text as stored on some carrier medium, whether digital or non-digital, specified in any convenient units.figure groups elements representing or containing graphic information such as an illustration or figure.fileDesc (file description) contains a full bibliographic description of an electronic file.foreign (foreign) identifies a word or phrase as belonging to some language other than that of the surrounding text. formula contains a mathematical or other formula.front (front matter) contains any prefatory matter (headers, title page, prefaces, dedications, etc.) found at the start of a document, before the main body.funder (funding body) specifies the name of an individual, institution, or organization responsible for the funding of a project or text.gap (gap) indicates a point where material has been omitted in a transcription, whether for editorial reasons described in the TEI header, as part of sampling practice, or because the material is illegible, invisible, or inaudible.gi (element name) contains the name (generic identifier) of an element.gloss identifies a phrase or word used to provide a gloss or definition for some other word or phrase.group contains the body of a composite text, grouping together a sequence of distinct texts (or groups of such texts) which are regarded as a unit for some purpose, for example the collected works of an author, a sequence of prose essays, etc.head (heading) contains any type of heading, for example the title of a section, or the heading of a list, glossary, manuscript description, etc.hi (highlighted) marks a word or phrase as graphically distinct from the surrounding text, for reasons concerning which no claim is made. ident (identifier) contains an identifier or name for an object of some kind in a formal language.idno (identifying number) supplies any standard or non-standard number used to identify a bibliographic item.index (index entry) marks a location to be indexed for whatever purpose.interp (interpretation) summarizes a specific interpretative annotation which can be linked to a span of text.interpGrp (interpretation group) collects together a set of related interpretations which share responsibility or type.item contains one component of a list.keywords contains a list of keywords or phrases identifying the topic or nature of a text.l (verse line) contains a single, possibly incomplete, line of verse.label contains the label associated with an item in a list; in glossaries, marks the term being defined.language characterizes a single language or sublanguage used within a text.langUsage (language usage) describes the languages, sublanguages, registers, dialects, etc. represented within a text.lb/ (line break) marks the start of a new (typographic) line in some edition or version of a text.lg (line group) contains a group of verse lines functioning as a formal unit, e.g. a stanza, refrain, verse paragraph, etc.list (list) contains any sequence of items organized as a list.listBibl (citation list) contains a list of bibliographic citations of any kind. mentioned marks words or phrases mentioned, not used.milestone/ marks a boundary point separating any kind of section of a text, typically but not necessarily indicating a point at which some part of a standard reference system changes, where the change is not represented by a structural element.name (name, proper noun) contains a proper noun or noun phrase.note contains a note or annotation.notesStmt (notes statement) collects together any notes providing information about a text additional to that recorded in other parts of the bibliographic description.num (number) contains a number, written in any form.opener groups together dateline, byline, salutation, and similar phrases appearing as a preliminary group at the start of a division, especially of a letter.orig (original form) contains a reading which is marked as following the original, rather than being normalized or corrected.p (paragraph) marks paragraphs in prose.pb/ (page break) marks the boundary between one page of a text and the next in a standard reference system.principal (principal researcher) supplies the name of the principal researcher responsible for the creation of an electronic text.profileDesc (text-profile description) provides a detailed description of non-bibliographic aspects of a text, specifically the languages and sublanguages used, the situation in which it was produced, the participants and their setting.projectDesc (project description) describes in detail the aim or purpose for which an electronic file was encoded, together with any other relevant information concerning the process by which it was assembled or collected.ptr/ (pointer) defines a pointer to another location.publicationStmt (publication statement) groups information concerning the publication or distribution of an electronic or other text. publisher provides the name of the organization responsible for the publication or distribution of a bibliographic item.pubPlace (publication place) contains the name of the place where a bibliographic item was published.q (separated from the surrounding text with quotation marks) contains material which is marked as (ostensibly) being somehow different than the surrounding text, for any one of a variety of reasons including, but not limited to: direct speech or thought, technical terms or jargon, authorial distance, quotations from elsewhere, and passages that are mentioned but not used.ref (reference) defines a reference to another location, possibly modified by additional text or comment.refsDecl (references declaration) specifies how canonical references are constructed for this text.reg (regularization) contains a reading which has been regularized or normalized in some sense.resp (responsibility) contains a phrase describing the nature of a person's intellectual responsibility.respStmt (statement of responsibility) supplies a statement of responsibility for the intellectual content of a text, edition, recording, or series, where the specialized elements for authors, editors, etc. do not suffice or do not apply.revisionDesc (revision description) summarizes the revision history for a file.row contains one row of a table. rs (referencing string) contains a general purpose name or referring string.s (s-unit) contains a sentence-like division of a text.salute (salutation) contains a salutation or greeting prefixed to a foreword, dedicatory epistle, or other division of a text, or the salutation in the closing of a letter, preface, etc.samplingDecl (sampling declaration) contains a prose description of the rationale and methods used in sampling texts in the creation of a corpus or collection.seg (arbitrary segment) represents any segmentation of text below the chunk level.seriesStmt (series statement) groups information about the series, if any, to which a publication belongs.sic (latin for thus or so) contains text reproduced although apparently incorrect or inaccurate.signed (signature) contains the closing salutation, etc., appended to a foreword, dedicatory epistle, or other division of a text. soCalled contains a word or phrase for which the author or narrator indicates a disclaiming of responsibility, for example by the use of scare quotes or italics.sourceDesc (source description) describes the source from which an electronic text was derived or generated, typically a bibliographic description in the case of a digitized text, or a phrase such as "born digital" for a text which has no previous existence.sp (speech) An individual speech in a performance text, or a passage presented as such in a prose or verse text.speaker A specialized form of heading or label, giving the name of one or more speakers in a dramatic text or fragment.sponsor specifies the name of a sponsoring organization or institution.stage (stage direction) contains any kind of stage direction within a dramatic text or fragment.table contains text displayed in tabular form, in rows and columns.taxonomy defines a typology used to classify texts either implicitly, by means of a bibliographic citation, or explicitly by a structured taxonomy.TEI (TEI document) contains a single TEI-conformant document, comprising a TEI header and a text, either in isolation or as part of a <teiCorpus> element.teiHeader (TEI Header) supplies the descriptive and declarative information making up an electronic title page prefixed to every TEI-conformant text.text contains a single text of any kind, whether unitary or composite, for example a poem or drama, a collection of essays, a novel, a dictionary, or a corpus sample.term contains a single-word, multi-word, or symbolic designation which is regarded as a technical term.textClass (text classification) groups information which describes the nature or topic of a text in terms of a standard classification scheme, thesaurus, etc.time contains a phrase defining a time of day in any format.title contains a title for any kind of work.titlePage (title page) contains the title page of a text, appearing within the front or back matter. titlePart contains a subsection or division of the title of a work, as indicated on a title page.titleStmt (title statement) groups information about the title of a work and those responsible for its intellectual content.trailer contains a closing title or footer appearing at the end of a division of a text. unclear contains a word, phrase, or passage which cannot be transcribed with certainty because it is illegible or inaudible in the source.

Appendixes

Substantive changes from the P4 version

This revision of the TEI Lite schema conforms to the TEI P5 Guidelines, which makes a number of changes from the TEI P4 Guidelines underlying earlier versions of TEI Lite. The following brief list indicates some of the major changes which will be needed in existing TEI P4-conformant documents before they can be used with the new schema. A fuller list is in preparation for publication as a part of TEI P5: the items listed here relate specifically to changes in TEI Lite only.

At P5, a TEI document must declare a namespace of http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0The attributes id and lang are replaced by the attributes xml:id and xml:lang respectively. Values for the latter attribute must conform to RFC 3066The element <choice> must be used to wrap <reg> and <orig> if both are supplied. Similarly for <sic> and <corr>, and for <abbr> and <expan>.numbered divs (<div1>, <div2>, etc.) are not supported in this version of TEI Liteall pointing and linking mechanisms now use the same W3C-defined mechanism: there is no longer any distinction between internal and external pointing elementsthe content model of <change> has changed significantlyhic desunt multa

Formal specification

The TEI Lite is a pure subset of the TEI. All of the elements defined in it are taken from the following standard TEI modules: tei, core, header, textstructure, figures, linking, analysis, and tagdocs.

The following elements from those modules are excluded from the schema: <ab>, <alt>, <altGrp>, <altIdent>, <analytic>, <attDef>, <attList>, <attRef>, <biblItem>, <biblStruct>, <binaryObject>, <broadcast>, <c>, <cb>, <cl>, <classSpec>, <classes>, <content>, <correction>, <datatype>, <defaultVal>, <desc>, <distinct>, <div1>, <div2>, <div3>, <div4>, <div5>, <div6>, <div7>, <egXML>, <elementSpec>, <equipment>, <equiv>, <exemplum>, <fsdDecl>, <floatingText>, <headItem>, <headLabel>, <hyphenation>, <imprimatur>, <interpretation>, <join>, <joinGrp>, <link>, <linkGrp>, <listRef>, <m>, <macroSpec>, <measure>, <meeting>, <memberOf>, <metDecl>, <metSym>, <moduleRef>, <moduleSpec>, <monogr>, <normalization>, <phr>, <postBox>, <postCode>, <quotation>, <recording>, <recordingStmt>, <remarks>, <schemaSpec>, <scriptStmt>, <segmentation>, <series>, <span>, <spanGrp>, <specDesc>, <specGrp>, <specGrpRef>, <specList>, <state>, <stdVals>, <street>, <stringVal>, <tag>, <timeline>, <valDesc>, <valItem>, <valList>, <variantEncoding>, <w>, <when>

Here is the TEI Lite schema itself :

Macros

macro.anyXMLmacro.anyXML (macro)macro.anyXML defines a content model within which any XML elements are permittedModuleteiUsed by macro.anyXML Declaration macro.anyXML = element * { ( attribute * - (xml:id | xml:lang) { text } | text | macro.anyXML )* }

macro.limitedContentmacro.limitedContent (macro)macro.limitedContent (paragraph content) defines the content of prose elements that are not used for transcription of extant materials.ModuleteiUsed bydesc figDesc Declaration macro.limitedContent = ( text | model.limitedPhrase | model.inter )*

macro.paraContentmacro.paraContent (macro)macro.paraContent (paragraph content) defines the content of paragraphs and similar elements.ModuleteiUsed byadd cell corr del docEdition emph head hi l orig p ref reg seg sic title titlePart unclear Declaration macro.paraContent = ( text | model.gLike | model.phrase | model.inter | model.global )*

macro.phraseSeqmacro.phraseSeq (macro)macro.phraseSeq (phrase sequence) defines a sequence of character data and phrase-level elements.ModuleteiUsed byabbr addrLine author biblScope dateline distributor docAuthor docDate edition editor expan extent foreign geoDecl gloss label mentioned name num pubPlace publisher rs s salute signed soCalled speaker term trailer Declaration macro.phraseSeq = ( text | model.gLike | model.phrase | model.global )*

macro.phraseSeq.limitedmacro.phraseSeq.limited (macro)macro.phraseSeq.limited (limited phrase sequence) defines a sequence of character data and those phrase-level elements that are not typically used for transcribing extant documents.ModuleteiUsed byauthority classCode creation funder language principal resp sponsor Declaration macro.phraseSeq.limited = ( text | model.limitedPhrase | model.global )*

macro.specialParamacro.specialPara (macro)macro.specialPara ('special' paragraph content) defines the content model of elements such as notes or list items, which either contain a series of component-level elements or else have the same structure as a paragraph, containing a series of phrase-level and inter-level elements.ModuleteiUsed byitem note q quote said stage typeNote Declaration macro.specialPara = ( text | model.gLike | model.phrase | model.inter | model.divPart | model.global )*

Model classes

model.addrPartmodel.addrPartmodel.addrPart (model class) groups elements such as names or postal codes which may appear as part of a postal address.ModuleteiUsed byaddress Members model.nameLike [ model.nameLike.agent [ name] model.placeStateLike rs] addrLine

model.addressLikemodel.addressLikemodel.addressLike (model class) groups elements used to represent a postal or e-mail address.ModuleteiUsed by model.pPart.dataMembers address

model.applicationLikemodel.applicationLikemodel.applicationLike (model class) groups elements used to record application-specific information about a document in its header.ModuleheaderUsed byappInfo Members application

model.biblLikemodel.biblLikemodel.biblLike (model class) groups elements containing a bibliographic description. ModuleteiUsed bycit listBibl relatedItem sourceDesc taxonomy model.interMembers bibl biblFull

model.biblPartmodel.biblPartmodel.biblPart (model class) groups elements which represent components of a bibliographic description.ModuleteiUsed bybibl Members model.imprintPart [ biblScope distributor pubPlace publisher] model.respLike [ author editor funder principal respStmt sponsor] edition extent idno relatedItem

model.choicePartmodel.choicePartmodel.choicePart (model class) groups elements (other than <choice> itself) which can be used within a <choice> alternation.ModuleteiUsed bychoice Members abbr corr expan orig reg seg sic unclear

model.commonmodel.commonmodel.common (model class) groups common chunk- and inter-level elements.ModuleteiUsed byargument body div epigraph postscript Members model.divPart [ model.lLike [ l] model.pLike [ p] lg sp] model.inter [ model.biblLike [ bibl biblFull] model.egLike [ eg] model.labelLike [ desc label] model.listLike [ list listBibl] model.qLike [ model.quoteLike [ cit quote] q said] model.stageLike [ stage] figure table] NoteThis class defines the set of chunk- and inter-level elements; it is used in many content models, including those for textual divisions.

model.dateLikemodel.dateLikemodel.dateLike (model class) groups elements containing temporal expressions.ModuleteiUsed by model.pPart.dataMembers date time

model.divBottommodel.divBottommodel.divBottom (model class) groups elements appearing at the end of a text division.ModuleteiUsed bybody div group lg list Members model.divBottomPart [ closer postscript signed trailer] model.divWrapper [ argument byline dateline docAuthor docDate epigraph]

model.divBottomPartmodel.divBottomPartmodel.divBottomPart (model class) groups elements which can occur only at the end of a text division.ModuleteiUsed byback front model.divBottomMembers closer postscript signed trailer

model.divGenLikemodel.divGenLikemodel.divGenLike (model class) groups elements used to represent a structural division which is generated rather than explicitly present in the source.ModuleteiUsed bybody div Members divGen

model.divLikemodel.divLikemodel.divLike (model class) groups elements used to represent un-numbered generic structural divisions.ModuleteiUsed byback body div front Members div

model.divPartmodel.divPartmodel.divPart (model class) groups paragraph-level elements appearing directly within divisions.ModuleteiUsed by macro.specialPara model.commonMembers model.lLike [ l] model.pLike [ p] lg spNoteNote that this element class does not include members of the model.inter class, which can appear either within or between paragraph-level items.

model.divTopmodel.divTopmodel.divTop (model class) groups elements appearing at the beginning of a text division.ModuleteiUsed bybody div group lg list Members model.divTopPart [ model.headLike [ head] opener salute] model.divWrapper [ argument byline dateline docAuthor docDate epigraph]

model.divTopPartmodel.divTopPartmodel.divTopPart (model class) groups elements which can occur only at the beginning of a text division.ModuleteiUsed by model.divTopMembers model.headLike [ head] opener salute

model.divWrappermodel.divWrappermodel.divWrapper (model class) groups elements which can appear at either top or bottom of a textual division.ModuleteiUsed by model.divTop model.divBottomMembers argument byline dateline docAuthor docDate epigraph

model.egLikemodel.egLikemodel.egLike (model class) groups elements containing examples or illustrations.ModuleteiUsed byfigure model.interMembers eg

model.emphLikemodel.emphLikemodel.emphLike (model class) groups phrase-level elements which are typographically distinct and to which a specific function can be attributed. ModuleteiUsed by model.highlighted model.limitedPhraseMembers code emph foreign gloss ident mentioned soCalled term title

model.encodingPartmodel.encodingPartmodel.encodingPart (model class) groups elements which may be used inside <encodingDesc> and appear multiple times.ModuleheaderUsed byencodingDesc Members appInfo classDecl editorialDecl geoDecl projectDesc refsDecl samplingDecl

model.entryPart.topmodel.entryPart.topmodel.entryPart.top (model class) groups high level elements within a structured dictionary entryModuleteiUsed byMembers citNoteMembers of this class typically contain related parts of a dictionary entry which form a coherent subdivision, for example a particular sense, homonym, etc.

model.frontPartmodel.frontPartmodel.frontPart (model class) groups elements which appear at the level of divisions within front or back matter.ModuleteiUsed byback front Members divGen titlePage

model.globalmodel.globalmodel.global (model class) groups elements which may appear at any point within a TEI text.ModuleteiUsed byaddress argument back bibl body byline change cit closer date div docImprint docTitle epigraph figure front group lg list opener postscript sp table text time titlePage macro.paraContent macro.phraseSeq macro.phraseSeq.limited macro.specialPara Members model.global.edit [ gap] model.global.meta [ index interp interpGrp] model.milestoneLike [ anchor lb milestone pb] model.noteLike [ note]

model.global.editmodel.global.editmodel.global.edit (model class) groups globally available elements which perform a specifically editorial function.ModuleteiUsed by model.globalMembers gap

model.global.metamodel.global.metamodel.global.meta (model class) groups globally available elements which describe the status of other elements.ModuleteiUsed by model.globalMembers index interp interpGrpNoteElements in this class are typically used to hold groups of links or of abstract interpretations, or by provide indications of certainty etc. It may find be convenient to localize all metadata elements, for example to contain them within the same divison as the elements that they relate to; or to locate them all to a division of their own. They may however appear at any point in a TEI text.

model.glossLikemodel.glossLikemodel.glossLike (model class) groups elements which provide an alternative name, explanation, or description for any markup construct.ModuleteiUsed bycategory gap interp interpGrp taxonomy Members desc gloss

model.graphicLikemodel.graphicLikemodel.graphicLike (model class) groups elements containing images, formulae, and similar objects.ModuleteiUsed byfigure formula model.phraseMembers formula graphic

model.headLikemodel.headLikemodel.headLike (model class) groups elements used to provide a title or heading at the start of a text division.ModuleteiUsed byargument divGen figure listBibl table model.divTopPartMembers head

model.headerPartmodel.headerPartmodel.headerPart (model class) groups high level elements which may appear more than once in a TEI Header. ModuleheaderUsed byteiHeader Members encodingDesc profileDesc

model.hiLikemodel.hiLikemodel.hiLike (model class) groups phrase-level elements which are typographically distinct but to which no specific function can be attributed. ModuleteiUsed by model.highlightedMembers hi

model.highlightedmodel.highlightedmodel.highlighted (model class) groups phrase-level elements which are typographically distinct. ModuleteiUsed bybibl model.phraseMembers model.emphLike [ code emph foreign gloss ident mentioned soCalled term title] model.hiLike [ hi]

model.imprintPartmodel.imprintPartmodel.imprintPart (model class) groups the bibliographic elements which occur inside imprints. ModuleteiUsed by model.biblPartMembers biblScope distributor pubPlace publisher

model.intermodel.intermodel.inter (model class) groups elements which can appear either within or between paragraph-like elements.ModuleteiUsed bychange macro.limitedContent macro.paraContent macro.specialPara model.commonMembers model.biblLike [ bibl biblFull] model.egLike [ eg] model.labelLike [ desc label] model.listLike [ list listBibl] model.qLike [ model.quoteLike [ cit quote] q said] model.stageLike [ stage] figure table

model.lLikemodel.lLikemodel.lLike (model class) groups elements representing metrical components such as verse lines. ModuleteiUsed bylg sp model.divPartMembers l

model.labelLikemodel.labelLikemodel.labelLike (model class) groups elements used to gloss or explain other parts of a document.ModuleteiUsed byapplication model.interMembers desc label

model.limitedPhrasemodel.limitedPhrasemodel.limitedPhrase (model class) groups phrase-level elements excluding those elements primarily intended for transcription of existing sources.ModuleteiUsed bycatDesc change macro.limitedContent macro.phraseSeq.limited Members model.emphLike [ code emph foreign gloss ident mentioned soCalled term title] model.pPart.data [ model.addressLike [ address] model.dateLike [ date time] model.measureLike [ measureGrp num] model.nameLike [ model.nameLike.agent [ name] model.placeStateLike rs] ] model.pPart.editorial [ abbr choice expan] model.phrase.xml [ att gi val] model.ptrLike [ ptr ref]

model.listLikemodel.listLikemodel.listLike (model class) groups list-like elements.ModuleteiUsed bysourceDesc model.interMembers list listBibl

model.measureLikemodel.measureLikemodel.measureLike (model class) groups elements which denote a number, a quantity, a measurement, or similar piece of text that conveys some numerical meaning.ModuleteiUsed bymeasureGrp model.pPart.dataMembers measureGrp num

model.milestoneLikemodel.milestoneLikemodel.milestoneLike (model class) groups milestone-style elements used to represent reference systems.ModuleteiUsed bylistBibl model.globalMembers anchor lb milestone pb

model.msItemPartmodel.msItemPartmodel.msItemPart (model class) groups elements which can appear within a manuscript item description.ModuleteiUsed byMembers model.quoteLike [ cit quote] model.respLike [ author editor funder principal respStmt sponsor] bibl listBibl title

model.nameLikemodel.nameLikemodel.nameLike (model class) groups elements which name or refer to a person, place, or organization.ModuleteiUsed by model.addrPart model.pPart.dataMembers model.nameLike.agent [ name] model.placeStateLike rsNoteA superset of the naming elements that may appear in datelines, addresses, statements of responsibility, etc.

model.nameLike.agentmodel.nameLike.agentmodel.nameLike.agent (model class) groups elements which contain names of individuals or corporate bodies.ModuleteiUsed byrespStmt model.nameLikeMembers nameNoteThis class is used in the content model of elements which reference names of people or organizations.

model.noteLikemodel.noteLikemodel.noteLike (model class) groups globally-available note-like elements. ModuleteiUsed bynotesStmt model.globalMembers note

model.pLikemodel.pLikemodel.pLike (model class) groups paragraph-like elements.ModuleteiUsed byapplication availability cRefPattern editionStmt editorialDecl encodingDesc figure projectDesc publicationStmt refsDecl samplingDecl seriesStmt sourceDesc sp model.divPartMembers p

model.pLike.frontmodel.pLike.frontmodel.pLike.front (model class) groups paragraph-like elements which can occur as direct constituents of front matter. ModuleteiUsed byback front Members argument byline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph head titlePart

model.pPart.datamodel.pPart.datamodel.pPart.data (model class) groups phrase-level elements containing names, dates, numbers, measures, and similar data. ModuleteiUsed bybibl model.phrase model.limitedPhraseMembers model.addressLike [ address] model.dateLike [ date time] model.measureLike [ measureGrp num] model.nameLike [ model.nameLike.agent [ name] model.placeStateLike rs]

model.pPart.editmodel.pPart.editmodel.pPart.edit (model class) groups phrase-level elements for simple editorial correction and transcription. ModuleteiUsed bybibl model.phraseMembers model.pPart.editorial [ abbr choice expan] model.pPart.transcriptional [ add corr del orig reg sic unclear]

model.pPart.editorialmodel.pPart.editorialmodel.pPart.editorial (model class) groups phrase-level elements for simple editorial interventions that may be useful both in transcribing and in authoring.ModuleteiUsed by model.pPart.edit model.limitedPhraseMembers abbr choice expan

model.pPart.transcriptionalmodel.pPart.transcriptionalmodel.pPart.transcriptional (model class) groups phrase-level elements used for editorial transcription of pre-existing source materials. ModuleteiUsed by model.pPart.editMembers add corr del orig reg sic unclear

model.personPartmodel.personPartmodel.personPart (model class) groups elements which form part of the description of a person.ModuleteiUsed byMembers bibl

model.phrasemodel.phrasemodel.phrase (model class) groups elements which can occur at the level of individual words or phrases.ModuleteiUsed bybyline closer date docImprint opener time macro.paraContent macro.phraseSeq macro.specialPara Members model.graphicLike [ formula graphic] model.highlighted [ model.emphLike [ code emph foreign gloss ident mentioned soCalled term title] model.hiLike [ hi] ] model.pPart.data [ model.addressLike [ address] model.dateLike [ date time] model.measureLike [ measureGrp num] model.nameLike [ model.nameLike.agent [ name] model.placeStateLike rs] ] model.pPart.edit [ model.pPart.editorial [ abbr choice expan] model.pPart.transcriptional [ add corr del orig reg sic unclear] ] model.phrase.xml [ att gi val] model.ptrLike [ ptr ref] model.segLike [ s seg] NoteThis class of elements can occur only within larger elements of the class inter or chunk. In prose, this means these elements can occur within paragraphs, list items, lines of verse, etc.

model.phrase.xmlmodel.phrase.xmlmodel.phrase.xml (model class) groups phrase-level elements used to encode XML constructs such as element names, attribute names, and attribute valuesModuleteiUsed by model.phrase model.limitedPhraseMembers att gi val

model.profileDescPartmodel.profileDescPartmodel.profileDescPart (model class) groups elements which may be used inside <profileDesc> and appear multiple times.ModuleheaderUsed byprofileDesc Members langUsage textClass

model.ptrLikemodel.ptrLikemodel.ptrLike (model class) groups elements used for purposes of location and reference.ModuleteiUsed byapplication bibl cit relatedItem model.phrase model.limitedPhraseMembers ptr ref

model.publicationStmtPartmodel.publicationStmtPartmodel.publicationStmtPart (model class) groups elements which may appear within the <publicationStmt> element of the TEI Header.ModuleteiUsed bypublicationStmt Members address authority availability date distributor idno pubPlace publisher

model.qLikemodel.qLikemodel.qLike (model class) groups elements related to highlighting which can appear either within or between chunk-level elements. ModuleteiUsed bycit sp model.interMembers model.quoteLike [ cit quote] q said

model.quoteLikemodel.quoteLikemodel.quoteLike (model class) groups elements used to directly contain quotations.ModuleteiUsed by model.qLike model.msItemPartMembers cit quote

model.respLikemodel.respLikemodel.respLike (model class) groups elements which are used to indicate intellectual or other significant responsibility, for example within a bibliographic element.ModuleteiUsed bytitleStmt model.biblPart model.msItemPartMembers author editor funder principal respStmt sponsor

model.segLikemodel.segLikemodel.segLike (model class) groups elements used for arbitrary segmentation. ModuleteiUsed bybibl model.phraseMembers s segNoteThe principles on which segmentation is carried out, and any special codes or attribute values used, should be defined explicitly in the <segmentation> element of the <encodingDesc> within the associated TEI header.

model.stageLikemodel.stageLikemodel.stageLike (model class) groups elements containing stage directions or similar things defined by the module for performance texts.ModuleteiUsed bysp model.interMembers stageNoteStage directions are members of class inter: that is, they can appear between or within component-level elements.

model.titlepagePartmodel.titlepagePartmodel.titlepagePart (model class) groups elements which can occur as direct constituents of a title page, such as <docTitle>, <docAuthor>, <docImprint>, or <epigraph>.ModuleteiUsed bytitlePage Members byline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph figure graphic titlePart

Attribute classes

att.ascribedatt.ascribedatt.ascribed (attribute class)@who provides attributes for elements representing speech or action that can be ascribed to a specific individual.ModuleteiMembers change q said spAttributesIn addition to global attributes

whoindicates the person, or group of people, to whom the element content is ascribed.

Status OptionalDatatype 1–∞ occurrences of xsd:anyURIseparated by whitespaceValues For transcribed speech, this will typically identify a participant or participant group; in other contexts, it will point to any identified <person> element.

att.canonicalatt.canonicalatt.canonical (attribute class)@key@ref provides attributes which can be used to associate a representation such as a name or title with canonical information about the object being named or referenced.ModuleteiMembers att.naming [ name pubPlace rs] author docAuthor docTitle resp term titleAttributesIn addition to global attributes

keyprovides an externally-defined means of identifying the entity (or entities) being named, using a coded value of some kind.

Status OptionalDatatype stringValues any string of Unicode charactersNoteThe value may be a unique identifier from a database, or any other externally-defined string identifying the referent.

ref (reference) provides an explicit means of locating a full definition for the entity being named by means of one or more URIs.Status OptionalDatatype 1–∞ occurrences of xsd:anyURIseparated by whitespaceNoteThe value must point directly to one or more XML elements by means of one or more URIs, separated by whitespace. If more than one is supplied, the implication is that the name identifies several distinct entities.

att.datableatt.datableatt.datable (attribute class) provides attributes for normalization of elements that contain dates, times, or datable events.ModuleteiMembers application date timeAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.datable.w3c (@period, @when, @notBefore, @notAfter, @from, @to) NoteThis superclass provides attributes that can be used to provide normalized values of temporal information. By default, the attributes from the att.datable.w3c class are provided. If the module for names & dates is loaded, this class also provides attributes from the att.datable.iso class. In general, the possible values of attributes restricted to the W3C datatypes form a subset of those values available via the ISO 8601 standard. However, the greater expressiveness of the ISO datatypes may not be needed, and there exists much greater software support for the W3C datatypes.

att.datable.w3catt.datable.w3catt.datable.w3c (attribute class)@period@when@notBefore@notAfter@from@to provides attributes for normalization of elements that contain datable events using the W3C datatypes.ModuleteiMembers att.datable [ application date time] AttributesIn addition to global attributes

periodsupplies a pointer to some location defining a named period of time within which the datable item is understood to have occurred.

Status OptionalDatatype xsd:anyURI

whensupplies the value of the date or time in a standard form, e.g. yyyy-mm-dd.Status OptionalDatatype xsd:date | xsd:gYear | xsd:gMonth | xsd:gDay | xsd:gYearMonth | xsd:gMonthDay | xsd:time | xsd:dateTimeValues A normalized form of temporal expression conforming to the W3C XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition.Examples of W3C date, time, and date & time formats.24 Oct 45September 24th, 1996 at 3:25 in the morningJan 4 1999 at 8 pmfourteen twelve and 38 secondsOctober of 1962June 12ththe first of the monthAugustMMVI56 AD56 BCThis list begins in the year 1632, more precisely on Trinity Sunday, i.e. the Sunday after Pentecost, in that year the 27th of May (old style).Dorchester, Village,March 2d. 1828.To Mrs. Cornell, Sunday noon.NoteThe value of the when attribute should be the normalized representation of the date, time, or combined date & time intended, in any of the standard formats specified by XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition, using the Gregorian calendar. The most commonly-encountered format for the date part of the when attribute is yyyy-mm-dd, but yyyy, --mm, ---dd, yyyy-mm, or --mm-dd may also be used. For the time part, the form hh:mm:ss is used. Note that this format does not currently permit use of the value 0000 to represent the year 1 BCE; instead the value -0001 should be used.

att.declarableatt.declarableatt.declarable (attribute class)@default provides attributes for those elements in the TEI Header which may be independently selected by means of the special purpose decls attribute.ModuleteiMembers availability bibl biblFull editorialDecl geoDecl langUsage listBibl projectDesc refsDecl samplingDecl sourceDesc textClassAttributesIn addition to global attributes

defaultindicates whether or not this element is selected by default when its parent is selected.

Status Mandatory when applicableDatatype xsd:booleanLegal values are:trueThis element is selected if its parent is selectedfalseThis element can only be selected explicitly, unless it is the only one of its kind, in which case it is selected if its parent is selected. [Default]

NoteThe rules governing the association of declarable elements with individual parts of a TEI text are fully defined in chapter . Only one element of a particular type may have a default attribute with a value of true.

att.declaringatt.declaringatt.declaring (attribute class)@decls provides attributes for elements which may be independently associated with a particular declarable element within the header, thus overriding the inherited default for that element.ModuleteiMembers back body div front gloss graphic group lg p ptr ref term textAttributesIn addition to global attributes

declsidentifies one or more declarable elements within the header, which are understood to apply to the element bearing this attribute and its content.

Status Mandatory when applicableDatatype 1–∞ occurrences of xsd:anyURIseparated by whitespaceValues must identify a set of declarable elements of different types.

NoteThe rules governing the association of declarable elements with individual parts of a TEI text are fully defined in chapter .

att.dimensionsatt.dimensionsatt.dimensions (attribute class)@unit@quantity@extent@atLeast@atMost@min@max@precision@scope provides attributes for describing the size of physical objects.ModuleteiMembers att.editLike [ att.transcriptional [ add del] corr date expan gap reg time unclear] AttributesIn addition to global attributes

unitnames the unit used for the measurement

Status OptionalDatatype xsd:NameSuggested values include:cm(centimetres) mm(millimetres) in(inches) lineslines of textchars(characters) characters of text

quantityspecifies the length in the units specifiedStatus OptionalDatatype xsd:double | xsd:decimal

extentindicates the size of the object concerned using a project-specific vocabulary combining quantity and units in a single string of words. Status OptionalDatatype 1–∞ occurrences of token { pattern = "(\p{L}|\p{N}|\p{P}|\p{S})+" }separated by whitespaceValues any measurement phrase, e.g. 25 letters, 2 × 3 inches.

atLeastgives a minimum estimated value for the measurement.Status OptionalDatatype xsd:double | xsd:decimal

atMostgives a maximum estimated value for the measurement.Status OptionalDatatype xsd:double | xsd:decimal

minwhere the measurement summarizes more than one observation, supplies the minimum value observed.Status OptionalDatatype xsd:double | xsd:decimal

maxwhere the measurement summarizes more than one observation, supplies the maximum value observed.Status OptionalDatatype xsd:double | xsd:decimal

precisioncharacterizes the precision of the values specified by the other attributes.Status OptionalDatatype "high" | "medium" | "low" | "unknown"

scopewhere the measurement summarizes more than one observation, specifies the applicability of this measurement.Status OptionalDatatype xsd:NameSample values include:allmeasurement applies to all instances.mostmeasurement applies to most of the instances inspected.rangemeasurement applies to only the specified range of instances.

att.divLikeatt.divLikeatt.divLike (attribute class)@org@sample@part provides attributes common to all elements which behave in the same way as divisions.ModuleteiMembers div lgAttributesIn addition to global attributes

org(organization) specifies how the content of the division is organized.

Status OptionalLegal values are:compositecomposite content: i.e. no claim is made about the sequence in which the immediate contents of this division are to be processed, or their inter-relationships.uniformuniform content: i.e. the immediate contents of this element are regarded as forming a logical unit, to be processed in sequence. [Default]

sampleindicates whether this division is a sample of the original source and if so, from which part.Status OptionalLegal values are:initialdivision lacks material present at end in source.medialdivision lacks material at start and end.finaldivision lacks material at start.unknownposition of sampled material within original unknown.completedivision is not a sample. [Default]

partspecifies whether or not the division is fragmented by some other structural element, for example a speech which is divided between two or more verse stanzas.Status Mandatory when applicableLegal values are:Y(yes) the division is incomplete in some respectN(no) either the division is complete, or no claim is made as to its completeness. [Default]I(initial) the initial part of an incomplete divisionM(medial) a medial part of an incomplete divisionF(final) the final part of an incomplete divisionNoteThe values I, M, or F should be used only where it is clear how the division is to be reconstituted.

att.editLikeatt.editLikeatt.editLike (attribute class)@cert@resp@evidence@source provides attributes describing the nature of a encoded scholarly intervention or interpretation of any kind.ModuleteiMembers att.transcriptional [ add del] corr date expan gap reg time unclearAttributesIn addition to global attributes and those inherited from att.dimensions (@unit, @quantity, @extent, @atLeast, @atMost, @min, @max, @precision, @scope)

cert(certainty) signifies the degree of certainty associated with the intervention or interpretation.

Status OptionalDatatype "high" | "medium" | "low" | "unknown"

resp(responsible party) indicates the agency responsible for the intervention or interpretation, for example an editor or transcriber.Status OptionalDatatype 1–∞ occurrences of xsd:anyURIseparated by whitespaceValues A pointer to an element in the document header that is associated with a person asserted as responsible for some aspect of the text's creation, transcription, editing, or encoding.

evidenceindicates the nature of the evidence supporting the reliability or accuracy of the intervention or interpretation.Status OptionalDatatype xsd:NameSuggested values include:internalthere is internal evidence to support the intervention.externalthere is external evidence to support the intervention.conjecturethe intervention or interpretation has been made by the editor, cataloguer, or scholar on the basis of their expertise.

sourcecontains a list of one or more pointers indicating the sources which support the given reading.Status Mandatory when applicableDatatype 1–∞ occurrences of xsd:anyURIseparated by whitespaceValues A space-delimited series of sigla; each sigil should correspond to a witness or witness group and occur as the value of the xml:id attribute on a <witness> or <msDesc> element elsewhere in the document.

NoteThe members of this attribute class are typically used to represent any kind of editorial intervention in a text, for example a correction or interpretation, or to date or localize manuscripts etc.

att.globalatt.globalatt.global (attribute class)@xml:id@n@xml:lang@rend@xml:base provides attributes common to all elements in the TEI encoding scheme.ModuleteiMembersAttributesIn addition to global attributes and those inherited from att.global.linking (@corresp, @synch, @sameAs, @copyOf, @next, @prev, @exclude, @select) att.global.analytic (@ana)

xml:id(identifier) provides a unique identifier for the element bearing the attribute.

Status OptionalDatatype xsd:IDValues any valid XML identifier.NoteThe xml:id attribute may be used to specify a canonical reference for an element; see section .

n(number) gives a number (or other label) for an element, which is not necessarily unique within the document.Status OptionalDatatype 1–∞ occurrences of token { pattern = "(\p{L}|\p{N}|\p{P}|\p{S})+" }separated by whitespaceValues any string of characters; often, but not necessarily, numeric.NoteThe n attribute may be used to specify the numbering of chapters, sections, list items, etc.; it may also be used in the specification of a standard reference system for the text.

xml:lang(language) indicates the language of the element content using a tag generated according to BCP 47Status OptionalDatatype xsd:languageValues The value must conform to BCP 47. If the value is a private use code (i.e., starts with x- or contains -x-) it should, and if not it may, match the value of an ident attribute of a <language> element supplied in the TEI Header of the current document.NoteIf no value is specified for xml:lang, the xml:lang value for the immediately enclosing element is inherited; for this reason, a value should always be specified on the outermost element (<TEI>).

rend(rendition) indicates how the element in question was rendered or presented in the source text.Status OptionalDatatype 1–∞ occurrences of token { pattern = "(\p{L}|\p{N}|\p{P}|\p{S})+" }separated by whitespaceValues any string of characters; if the typographic rendition of a text is to be systematically recorded, a systematic set of values for the rend attribute should be defined.To The Duchesse of Newcastle, On Her New Blazing-World. NoteThese Guidelines make no binding recommendations for the values of the rend attribute; the characteristics of visual presentation vary too much from text to text and the decision to record or ignore individual characteristics varies too much from project to project. Some potentially useful conventions are noted from time to time at appropriate points in the Guidelines.

xml:baseprovides a base URI reference with which applications can resolve relative URI references into absolute URI references.Status OptionalDatatype xsd:anyURIValues any syntactically valid URI reference.

BibliographyLandon, Letitia ElizabethThe Vow of the PeacockCompton, Margaret ClephaneIrene, a Poem in Six CantosTaylor, JaneEssays in Rhyme on Morals and Manners

att.global.analyticatt.global.analyticatt.global.analytic (attribute class)@ana provides additional global attributes for associating specific analyses or interpretations with appropriate portions of a text.ModuleanalysisMembers att.globalAttributesIn addition to global attributes

ana(analysis) indicates one or more elements containing interpretations of the element on which the ana attribute appears.

Status OptionalDatatype 1–∞ occurrences of xsd:anyURIseparated by whitespaceValues one or more valid identifiers of one or more interpretive elements (usually <fs> or <interp>), separated by white space.NoteWhen multiple values are given, they may reflect either multiple divergent interpretations of an ambiguous text, or multiple mutually consistent interpretations of the same passage in different contexts.

att.global.linkingatt.global.linkingatt.global.linking (attribute class)@corresp@synch@sameAs@copyOf@next@prev@exclude@select defines a set of attributes for hypertext and other linking, which are enabled for all elements when the additional tag set for linking is selected.ModulelinkingMembers att.globalAttributesIn addition to global attributes

corresp(corresponds) points to elements that correspond to the current element in some way.

Status OptionalDatatype 1–∞ occurrences of xsd:anyURIseparated by whitespaceValues one or more URIs, separated by whitespace.

synch(synchronous) points to elements that are synchronous with the current element.Status OptionalDatatype 1–∞ occurrences of xsd:anyURIseparated by whitespaceValues one or more URIs, separated by whitespace.

sameAspoints to an element that is the same as the current element.Status OptionalDatatype xsd:anyURIValues a URI.

copyOfpoints to an element of which the current element is a copy.Status OptionalDatatype xsd:anyURIValues a URI.NoteAny content of the current element should be ignored. Its true content is that of the element being pointed at.

nextpoints to the next element of a virtual aggregate of which the current element is part.Status OptionalDatatype xsd:anyURIValues a URI.

prev(previous) points to the previous element of a virtual aggregate of which the current element is part.Status OptionalDatatype xsd:anyURIValues a URI.

excludepoints to elements that are in exclusive alternation with the current element.Status OptionalDatatype 1–∞ occurrences of xsd:anyURIseparated by whitespaceValues one or more URIs, separated by whitespace.

selectselects one or more alternants; if one alternant is selected, the ambiguity or uncertainty is marked as resolved. If more than one alternant is selected, the degree of ambiguity or uncertainty is marked as reduced by the number of alternants not selected.Status OptionalDatatype 1–∞ occurrences of xsd:anyURIseparated by whitespaceValues one or more URIs, separated by whitespace.NoteThis attribute should be placed on an element which is superordinate to all of the alternants from which the selection is being made.

att.handFeaturesatt.handFeaturesatt.handFeatures (attribute class)@scribe@script@medium@scope provides attributes describing aspects of the hand in which a manuscript is written. ModuleteiMembers typeNoteAttributesIn addition to global attributes

scribegives a standard name or other identifier for the scribe believed to be responsible for this hand.

Status OptionalDatatype xsd:NameValues Any name

scriptcharacterizes the particular script or writing style used by this hand, for example secretary, copperplate, Chancery, Italian, etc.Status OptionalDatatype 1–∞ occurrences of xsd:Nameseparated by whitespace

mediumdescribes the tint or type of ink, e.g. brown, or other writing medium, e.g. pencilStatus OptionalDatatype xsd:Name

scopespecifies how widely this hand is used in the manuscript.Status OptionalLegal values are:soleonly this hand is used throughout the manuscriptmajorthis hand is used through most of the manuscriptminorthis hand is used occasionally in the manuscript

att.internetMediaatt.internetMediaatt.internetMedia (attribute class)@mimeType provides attributes for specifying the type of a computer resource using a standard taxonomy.ModuleteiMembers graphicAttributesIn addition to global attributes

mimeType(MIME media type) specifies the applicable multimedia internet mail extension (MIME) media type

Status Mandatory when applicableDatatype token { pattern = "(\p{L}|\p{N}|\p{P}|\p{S})+" }Values The value should be a valid MIME media type

NoteThis attribute class provides attributes for describing a computer resource, typically available over the internet, according to standard taxonomies. At present only a single taxonomy is supported, the Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions Media Type system. This system of typology of media types is defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force in RFC 2046. The list of types is maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority.

att.interpLikeatt.interpLikeatt.interpLike (attribute class)@resp@type@inst provides attributes for elements which represent a formal analysis or interpretation.ModuleteiMembers interp interpGrpAttributesIn addition to global attributes

resp(responsible party) indicates who is responsible for the interpretation.

Status OptionalDatatype xsd:anyURIValues A pointer to an element indicating the person responsible for the interpretation, typically to a <respStmt> in the <teiHeader>.

typeindicates what kind of phenomenon is being noted in the passage.Status RecommendedDatatype xsd:NameSample values include:imageidentifies an image in the passage. characteridentifies a character associated with the passage. themeidentifies a theme in the passage. allusionidentifies an allusion to another text.

inst(instances) points to instances of the analysis or interpretation represented by the current element.Status OptionalDatatype 1–∞ occurrences of xsd:anyURIseparated by whitespaceValues One or more valid identifiers, separated by whitespace.NoteThe current element should be an analytic one. The element pointed at should be a textual one.

att.measurementatt.measurementatt.measurement (attribute class)@unit@quantity@commodity provides attributes to represent a regularized or normalized measurement.ModuleteiMembers measureGrpAttributesIn addition to global attributes

unitindicates the units used for the measurement, usually using the standard symbol for the desired units.

Status OptionalDatatype xsd:NameSuggested values include:m(metre) SI base unit of lengthkg(kilogram) SI base unit of masss(second) SI base unit of timeHz(hertz) SI unit of frequencyPa(pascal) SI unit of pressure or stressΩ(ohm) SI unit of electric resistanceL(litre) 1 dm³t(tonne) 10³ kgha(hectare) 1 hm²Å(ångström) 10⁻¹⁰ mmL(millilitre) cm(centimetre) dB(decibel) see remarks, belowkbit(kilobit) 10³ or 1000 bitsKibit(kibibit) 2¹⁰ or 1024 bitskB(kilobyte) 10³ or 1000 bytesKiB(kibibyte) 2¹⁰ or 1024 bytesMB(megabyte) 10⁶ or 1 000 000 bytesMiB(mebibyte) 2²⁰ or 1 048 576 bytesNoteIf the measurement being represented is not expressed in a particular unit, but rather is a number of discrete items, the unit count should be used, or the unit attribute may be left unspecified.Wherever appropriate, a recognised SI unit name should be used (see further ; ). The list above is indicative rather than exhaustive.

quantityspecifies the number of the specified units that comprise the measurementStatus OptionalDatatype xsd:double | xsd:decimal

commodityindicates the substance that is being measuredStatus OptionalDatatype 1–∞ occurrences of token { pattern = "(\p{L}|\p{N}|\p{P}|\p{S})+" }separated by whitespaceNoteIn general, when the commodity is made of discrete entities, the plural form should be used, even when the measurement is of only one of them.

NoteThis attribute class provides a triplet of attributes that may be used either to regularize the values of the measurement being encoded, or to normalize them with respect to a standard measurement system. So weren't you gonna buy half a gallon, babySo won't you go and buy half a gallon, baby?NoteThe unit should normally be named using the standard abbreviation for an SI unit (see further ; ). However, encoders may also specify measurements using informally defined units such as lines or characters.

att.namingatt.namingatt.naming (attribute class)@nymRef provides attributes common to elements which refer to named persons, places, organizations etc.ModuleteiMembers name pubPlace rsAttributesIn addition to global attributes and those inherited from att.canonical (@key, @ref)

nymRef(reference to the canonical name) provides a means of locating the canonical form (nym) of the names associated with the object named by the element bearing it.

Status OptionalDatatype 1–∞ occurrences of xsd:anyURIseparated by whitespaceValues any valid URINoteThe value must point directly to one or more XML elements by means of one or more URIs, separated by whitespace. If more than one is supplied, the implication is that the name is associated with several distinct canonical names.

att.placementatt.placementatt.placement (attribute class)@place provides attributes for describing where on the source page or object a textual element appears.ModuleteiMembers add figure noteAttributesIn addition to global attributes

place

Status RecommendedDatatype 1–∞ occurrences of xsd:Nameseparated by whitespaceSuggested values include:belowbelow the linebottomat the foot of the pagemarginin the margin (left, right, or both)topat the top of the pageoppositeon the opposite, i.e. facing, pageoverleafon the other side of the leafaboveabove the lineendat the end of e.g. chapter or volume.inlinewithin the body of the text.inspace in a predefined space, for example left by an earlier scribe.[An addition written in the margin][An addition written at the foot of the current page and also on the facing page]Ibid, p.7

att.pointingatt.pointingatt.pointing (attribute class)@type@evaluate defines a set of attributes used by all elements which point to other elements by means of one or more URI references.ModulelinkingMembers ptr refAttributesIn addition to global attributes

typecategorizes the pointer in some respect, using any convenient set of categories.

Status OptionalDatatype xsd:NameValues The type should indicate the intended function of the pointer, or the rhetorical relationship between its source and target.

evaluatespecifies the intended meaning when the target of a pointer is itself a pointer.Status OptionalLegal values are:allif the element pointed to is itself a pointer, then the target of that pointer will be taken, and so on, until an element is found which is not a pointer.oneif the element pointed to is itself a pointer, then its target (whether a pointer or not) is taken as the target of this pointer.noneno further evaluation of targets is carried out beyond that needed to find the element specified in the pointer's target.NoteIf no value is given, the application program is responsible for deciding (possibly on the basis of user input) how far to trace a chain of pointers.

att.segLikeatt.segLikeatt.segLike (attribute class)@function@part provides attributes for elements used for arbitrary segmentation. ModuleteiMembers s segAttributesIn addition to global attributes

functioncharacterizes the function of the segment.

Status OptionalDatatype xsd:NameValues For a <cl>, may take values such as coordinate, subject, adverbial etc. For a <phr>, such values as subject, predicate etc. may be more appropriate.

partspecifies whether or not the segment is fragmented by some other structural element, for example a clause which is divided between two or more sentences.Status Mandatory when applicableLegal values are:Y(yes) the segment is incomplete in some respectN(no) either the segment is complete, or no claim is made as to its completeness [Default]I(initial) the initial part of an incomplete segmentM(medial) a medial part of an incomplete segmentF(final) the final part of an incomplete segmentNoteThe values I, M, or F should be used only where it is clear how the division is to be reconstituted.

att.sourcedatt.sourcedatt.sourced (attribute class)@ed provides attributes identifying the source edition from which some encoded feature derives.ModuleteiMembers lb milestone pb refStateAttributesIn addition to global attributes

ed (edition) supplies an arbitrary identifier for the source edition in which the associated feature (for example, a page, column, or line break) occurs at this point in the text.

Status OptionalDatatype 1–∞ occurrences of xsd:anyURIseparated by whitespaceValues Any string of characters; usually a siglum conventionally used for the edition.

ExampleOf Mans First Disobedience, and the FruitOf that Forbidden Tree, whose mortal tastBrought Death into the World, and all our woe,

att.spanningatt.spanningatt.spanning (attribute class)@spanTo provides attributes for elements which delimit a span of text by pointing mechanisms rather than by enclosing it.ModuleteiMembers indexAttributesIn addition to global attributes

spanToindicates the end of a span initiated by the element bearing this attribute.

Status Mandatory when applicableDatatype xsd:anyURIValues points to an element following this one in the current document.

NoteThe span is defined as running in document order from the start of the content of the pointing element (if any) to the end of the content of the element pointed to by the spanTo attribute (if any). If no value is supplied for the attribute, the assumption is that the span is coextensive with the pointing element.

att.tableDecorationatt.tableDecorationatt.tableDecoration (attribute class)@role@rows@cols provides attributes used to decorate rows or cells of a table.ModuleteiMembers cell rowAttributesIn addition to global attributes

roleindicates the kind of information held in this cell or in each cell of this row.

Status OptionalDatatype xsd:NameSuggested values include:labellabelling or descriptive information only.datadata values. [Default]NoteWhen this attribute is specified on a row, its value is the default for all cells in this row. When specified on a cell, its value overrides any default specified by the role attribute of the parent <row> element.

rowsindicates the number of rows occupied by this cell or row.Status OptionalDatatype xsd:nonNegativeIntegerValues A number; a value greater than one indicates that this cell (or row) spans several rows.NoteWhere several cells span several rows, it may be more convenient to use nested tables.

cols(columns) indicates the number of columns occupied by this cell or row.Status OptionalDatatype xsd:nonNegativeIntegerValues A number; a value greater than one indicates that this cell or row spans several columns.NoteWhere an initial cell spans an entire row, it may be better treated as a heading.

att.transcriptionalatt.transcriptionalatt.transcriptional (attribute class)@hand@status@seq provides attributes specific to elements encoding authorial or scribal intervention in a text when transcribing manuscript or similar sources.ModuleteiMembers add delAttributesIn addition to global attributes and those inherited from att.editLike (@cert, @resp, @evidence, @source) (att.dimensions (@unit, @quantity, @extent, @atLeast, @atMost, @min, @max, @precision, @scope))

handsignifies the hand of the agent which made the intervention.

Status OptionalDatatype xsd:anyURIValues must refer to a <handNote> element, typically declared in the document header (see section ).

statusindicates the effect of the intervention, for example in the case of a deletion, strikeouts which include too much or too little text, or in the case of an addition, an insertion which duplicates some of the text already present.Status OptionalDatatype xsd:NameSample values include:duplicateall of the text indicated as an addition duplicates some text that is in the original, whether the duplication is word-for-word or less exact.duplicate-partialpart of the text indicated as an addition duplicates some text that is in the originalexcessStartsome text at the beginning of the deletion is marked as deleted even though it clearly should not be deleted.excessEndsome text at the end of the deletion is marked as deleted even though it clearly should not be deleted.shortStartsome text at the beginning of the deletion is not marked as deleted even though it clearly should be.shortEndsome text at the end of the deletion is not marked as deleted even though it clearly should be.partialsome text in the deletion is not marked as deleted even though it clearly should be.unremarkablethe deletion is not faulty. [Default]NoteStatus information on each deletion is needed rather rarely except in critical editions from authorial manuscripts; status information on additions is even less common.Marking a deletion or addition as faulty is inescapably an interpretive act; the usual test applied in practice is the linguistic acceptability of the text with and without the letters or words in question.

seq(sequence) assigns a sequence number related to the order in which the encoded features carrying this attribute are believed to have occurred.Status Mandatory when applicableDatatype xsd:nonNegativeInteger

att.translatableatt.translatableatt.translatable (attribute class)@version provides attributes used to indicate the status of a translatable portion of an ODD document.ModuleteiMembers desc glossAttributesIn addition to global attributes

versionspecifies the version name or number of the source from which the translated version was derived

Status OptionalDatatype token { pattern = "(\p{L}|\p{N}|\p{P}|\p{S})+" }NoteThe version may be a number, a letter, or a date

att.typedatt.typedatt.typed (attribute class)@type@subtype provides attributes which can be used to classify or subclassify elements in any way. ModuleteiMembers add anchor application bibl cit corr date del div gloss head ident lb lg listBibl measureGrp milestone name pb quote reg relatedItem s seg term text timeAttributesIn addition to global attributes

typecharacterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient classification scheme or typology.

Status OptionalDatatype xsd:Name

subtypeprovides a sub-categorization of the element, if neededStatus OptionalDatatype xsd:NameNoteThe subtype attribute may be used to provide any sub-classification for the element, additional to that provided by its type attribute.

NoteThe typology used may be formally defined using the <classification> element of the <encodingDesc> within the associated TEI header, or as a list within one of the components of the <encodingDesc> element, or informally as descriptive prose within the <encodingDesc> element.

att.xmlspaceatt.xmlspaceatt.xmlspace (attribute class)@xml:space groups TEI elements for which it is reasonable to specify whitespace management using the W3C-defined xml:space attribute.ModuleteiMembers egAttributesIn addition to global attributes

xml:spacesignals an intention that white space should be preserved by applications

Status OptionalLegal values are:defaultpreserveNoteThe XML specification should be consulted for guidance on the use of this attribute.

Elements

<TEI><TEI>@version<TEI> (TEI document) contains a single TEI-conformant document, comprising a TEI header and a text, either in isolation or as part of a <teiCorpus> element. ModuletextstructureAttributesIn addition to global attributes

versionThe version of the TEI scheme

Status OptionalDatatype xsd:decimalValues A number identifying the version of the TEI guidelines

Used byteiCorpus May containheader: teiHeader textstructure: text Declaration element TEI { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, attribute version { xsd:decimal }?, ( teiHeader, ( ( model.resourceLike+, text? ) | text ) ) } <sch:ns prefix="tei" uri="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"/> <sch:ns prefix="rng" uri="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"/>ExampleThe shortest TEI Document Imaginable

First published as part of TEI P2.

No source: this is an original work.

This is about the shortest TEI document imaginable.

NoteThis element is required.

<abbr><abbr>@type<abbr> (abbreviation) contains an abbreviation of any sort. ModulecoreAttributesIn addition to global attributes

typeallows the encoder to classify the abbreviation according to some convenient typology.

Status OptionalDatatype xsd:NameSample values include:suspensionthe abbreviation provides the first letter(s) of the word or phrase, omitting the remainder.contractionthe abbreviation omits some letter(s) in the middle.brevigraphthe abbreviation comprises a special symbol or mark.superscriptionthe abbreviation includes writing above the line.acronymthe abbreviation comprises the initial letters of the words of a phrase.titlethe abbreviation is for a title of address (Dr, Ms, Mr, …)organizationthe abbreviation is for the name of an organization.geographicthe abbreviation is for a geographic name.NoteThe type attribute is provided for the sake of those who wish to classify abbreviations at their point of occurrence; this may be useful in some circumstances, though usually the same abbreviation will have the same type in all occurrences. As the sample values make clear, abbreviations may be classified by the method used to construct them, the method of writing them, or the referent of the term abbreviated; the typology used is up to the encoder and should be carefully planned to meet the needs of the expected use. For a typology of Middle English abbreviations, see

Used by model.pPart.editorial model.choicePartMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address choice corr date del emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index lb measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr ref reg rs sic soCalled term time title unclear figures: formula linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code gi ident val Declaration element abbr { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, attribute type { xsd:Name }?, macro.phraseSeq }ExampleSPQRExampleSPQRsenatus populusque romanorumNoteThe <abbr> tag is not required; if appropriate, the encoder may transcribe abbreviations in the source text silently, without tagging them. If abbreviations are not transcribed directly but expanded silently, then the TEI header should so indicate.

<add><add><add> (addition) contains letters, words, or phrases inserted in the text by an author, scribe, annotator, or corrector. ModulecoreAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.transcriptional (@hand, @status, @seq) (att.editLike (@cert, @resp, @evidence, @source) (att.dimensions (@unit, @quantity, @extent, @atLeast, @atMost, @min, @max, @precision, @scope)) ) att.placement (@place) att.typed (@type, @subtype) Used by model.pPart.transcriptionalMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address bibl choice cit corr date del desc emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index label lb list listBibl measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear figures: figure formula table header: biblFull linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code eg gi ident val Declaration element add { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.transcriptional.attributes, att.placement.attributes, att.typed.attributes, macro.paraContent }ExampleThe story I am going to relate is true as to its main facts, and as to the consequences of these facts from which this tale takes its title.NoteThe <add> element should not be used for additions made by editors or encoders. In these cases, either the <corr> or <supplied> element should be used.

<addrLine><addrLine><addrLine> (address line) contains one line of a postal address. ModulecoreAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed by model.addrPartMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address choice corr date del emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index lb measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr ref reg rs sic soCalled term time title unclear figures: formula linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code gi ident val Declaration element addrLine { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, macro.phraseSeq }Example

Computing Center, MC 135P.O. Box 6998Chicago, IL60680 USA

NoteAddresses may be encoded either as a sequence of lines, or using any sequence of component elements from the model.addrPart class. Other non-postal forms of address, such as telephone numbers or email, should not be included within an <address> element directly but may be wrapped within an <addrLine> if they form part of the printed address in some source text.

<address><address><address> contains a postal address, for example of a publisher, an organization, or an individual. ModulecoreAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed by model.addressLike model.publicationStmtPartMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp core: addrLine gap index lb milestone name note pb rs linking: anchor Declaration element address { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, ( model.global*, ( ( model.addrPart ), model.global* )+ ) }Example

via Marsala 2440126BolognaItaly

Example

Computing Center, MC 135P.O. Box 6998Chicago, IL 60680USA

NoteThis element should be used for postal addresses only. Within it, the generic element <addrLine> may be used as an alternative to any of the more specialized elements available from the model.addrPart class, such as <street>, <postCode> etc.

<anchor/><anchor><anchor/> (anchor point) attaches an identifier to a point within a text, whether or not it corresponds with a textual element. ModulelinkingAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.typed (@type, @subtype) Used by model.milestoneLikeMay containEmpty elementDeclaration element anchor { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.typed.attributes, empty }Example~~The anchor is here somewhere.Help me find it.~~NoteOn this element, the global xml:id attribute must be supplied to specify an identifier for the point at which this element occurs within a document. The value used may be chosen freely provided that it is unique within the document and is a syntactically valid name. There is no requirement for values containing numbers to be in sequence.

<appInfo><appInfo><appInfo> (application information) records information about an application which has edited the TEI file. ModuleheaderAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed by model.encodingPartMay containheader: application Declaration element appInfo { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, model.applicationLike+ }ExampleXAIRA Indexer

<application><application>@ident@version<application> provides information about an application which has acted upon the document.ModuleheaderAttributesIn addition to global attributes and those inherited from att.typed (@type, @subtype) att.datable (att.datable.w3c (@period, @when, @notBefore, @notAfter, @from, @to))

identSupplies an identifier for the application, independent of its version number or display name.

Status RequiredDatatype xsd:Name

versionSupplies a version number for the application, independent of its identifier or display name.Status RequiredDatatype token { pattern = "[\d]+[a-z]*[\d]*(\.[\d]+[a-z]*[\d]*){0,3}" }

Used by model.applicationLikeMay containcore: desc label p ptr ref Declaration element application { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.typed.attributes, att.datable.attributes, attribute ident { xsd:Name }, attribute version { token { pattern = "[\d]+[a-z]*[\d]*(\.[\d]+[a-z]*[\d]*){0,3}" } }, ( model.labelLike+, ( model.ptrLike* | model.pLike* ) ) }ExampleImage Markup ToolThis example shows an appInfo element documenting the fact that version 1.5 of the Image Markup Tool1 application has an interest in two parts of a document which was last saved on June 6 2006. The parts concerned are accessible at the URLs given as target for the two <ptr> elements.

<argument><argument><argument> A formal list or prose description of the topics addressed by a subdivision of a text. ModuletextstructureAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed byopener model.divWrapper model.pLike.frontMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp core: bibl cit desc gap head index l label lb lg list listBibl milestone note p pb q quote said sp stage figures: figure table header: biblFull linking: anchor tagdocs: eg Declaration element argument { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, ( ( model.global | model.headLike )*, ( ( model.common ), model.global* )+ ) }Example

Monte Video — Maldonado — Excursion to R Polanco — Lazo and Bolas — Partridges — Absence of Trees — Deer — Capybara, or River Hog — Tucutuco — Molothrus, cuckoo-like habits — Tyrant Flycatcher — Mocking-bird — Carrion Hawks — Tubes formed by Lightning — House struck

Note Often contains either a list or a paragraph

<att><att>@scheme<att> (attribute) contains the name of an attribute appearing within running text. ModuletagdocsAttributesIn addition to global attributes

schemesupplies an identifier for the scheme in which this name is defined.

Status OptionalDatatype xsd:NameSample values include:TEI(text encoding initiative) this attribute is part of the TEI scheme. [Default]DBK(docbook) this attribute is part of the Docbook scheme.XX(unknown) this attribute is part of an unknown scheme.

Used by model.phrase.xmlMay containCharacter data onlyDeclaration element att { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, attribute scheme { xsd:Name }?, text }Example

The TEI defines six global attributes; their names are xml:id, rend, xml:lang, n, xml:space, and xml:base; style is not among them.

NoteA namespace prefix may be used in order to specify the scheme as an alternative to specifying it via the scheme attribute: it takes precedence

<author><author><author> in a bibliographic reference, contains the name of the author(s), personal or corporate, of a work; the primary statement of responsibility for any bibliographic item. ModulecoreAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.canonical (@key, @ref) Used by model.respLikeMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address choice corr date del emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index lb measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr ref reg rs sic soCalled term time title unclear figures: formula linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code gi ident val Declaration element author { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.canonical.attributes, macro.phraseSeq }ExampleBritish Broadcasting CorporationLa Fayette, Marie Madeleine Pioche de la Vergne, comtesse de (1634–1693)NoteParticularly where cataloguing is likely to be based on the content of the header, it is advisable to use generally recognized authority lists for the exact form of personal names. The attributes key or ref may also be used to reference canonical information about the author intended in an appropriate authority, such as a library catalogue or online resource. In the case of a broadcast, use this element for the name of the company or network responsible for making the broadcast.

<authority><authority><authority> (release authority) supplies the name of a person or other agency responsible for making an electronic file available, other than a publisher or distributor. ModuleheaderAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed by model.publicationStmtPartMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp core: abbr address choice date emph expan foreign gap gloss index lb measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num pb ptr ref rs soCalled term time title linking: anchor tagdocs: att code gi ident val Declaration element authority { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, macro.phraseSeq.limited }ExampleJohn Smith

<availability><availability>@status<availability> supplies information about the availability of a text, for example any restrictions on its use or distribution, its copyright status, etc. ModuleheaderAttributesIn addition to global attributes and those inherited from att.declarable (@default)

statussupplies a code identifying the current availability of the text.

Status OptionalLegal values are:freethe text is freely available. unknownthe status of the text is unknown. [Default]restrictedthe text is not freely available.

Used by model.publicationStmtPartMay containcore: p Declaration element availability { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.declarable.attributes, attribute status { "free" | "unknown" | "restricted" }?, model.pLike+ }Example

Available for academic research purposes only.

In the public domain

Available under licence from the publishers.

NoteA consistent format should be adopted

<back><back><back> (back matter) contains any appendixes, etc. following the main part of a text. ModuletextstructureAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.declaring (@decls) Used bytext May containanalysis: interp interpGrp core: divGen gap head index lb milestone note pb linking: anchor textstructure: argument byline closer div docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph postscript signed titlePage titlePart trailer Declaration element back { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.declaring.attributes, ( ( model.frontPart | model.pLike.front | model.global )*, ( ( ( ( model.div1Like ), ( model.frontPart | model.div1Like | model.global )* ) | ( ( model.divLike ), ( model.frontPart | model.divLike | model.global )* ) )? ), ( ( ( model.divBottomPart ), ( model.divBottomPart | model.global )* )? ) ) }ExampleThe Golden Dream or, the Ingenuous Confession

To shew the Depravity of human Nature

A letter from the Printer, which he desires may be insertedSir.

I have done with your Copy, so you may return it to the Vatican, if you please

The Books usually read by the Scholars of Mrs Two-Shoes are these and are sold at Mr Newbery's at the Bible and Sun in St Paul's Church-yard.The Christmas Box, Price 1d.The History of Giles Gingerbread, 1d.A Curious Collection of Travels, selected from the Writers of all Nations, 10 Vol, Pr. bound 1l.By the KING's Royal Patent, Are sold by J. NEWBERY, at the Bible and Sun in St. Paul's Church-Yard.Dr. James's Powders for Fevers, the Small-Pox, Measles, Colds, &c. 2s. 6dDr. Hooper's Female Pills, 1s.NoteThe content model of back matter is identical to that of front matter, reflecting the facts of cultural history.

<bibl><bibl><bibl> (bibliographic citation) contains a loosely-structured bibliographic citation of which the sub-components may or may not be explicitly tagged. ModulecoreAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.declarable (@default) att.typed (@type, @subtype) Used by model.biblLike model.msItemPart model.personPartMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address author biblScope choice corr date del editor emph expan foreign gap gloss hi index lb measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr pubPlace publisher ref reg relatedItem respStmt rs sic soCalled term time title unclear header: distributor edition extent funder idno principal sponsor linking: anchor seg tagdocs: code ident Declaration element bibl { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.declarable.attributes, att.typed.attributes, ( text | model.gLike | model.highlighted | model.pPart.data | model.pPart.edit | model.segLike | model.ptrLike | model.biblPart | model.global )* }ExampleBlain, Clements and Grundy: Feminist Companion to Literature in English (Yale, 1990)ExampleThe Interesting story of the Children in the Wood. In Victor E Neuberg, The Penny Histories. OUP1968. NoteContains phrase-level elements, together with any combination of elements from the biblPart class

<biblFull><biblFull><biblFull> (fully-structured bibliographic citation) contains a fully-structured bibliographic citation, in which all components of the TEI file description are present. ModuleheaderAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.declarable (@default) Used by model.biblLikeMay containheader: editionStmt extent notesStmt publicationStmt seriesStmt sourceDesc titleStmt Declaration element biblFull { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.declarable.attributes, ( ( titleStmt, editionStmt?, extent?, publicationStmt, seriesStmt?, notesStmt? ), sourceDesc* ) }ExampleThe Feminist Companion to Literature in English: women writers from the middle ages to the presentBlain, VirginiaClements, PatriciaGrundy, IsobelUK edition1231 ppYale University PressNew Haven and London1990

No source: this is an original work

<biblScope><biblScope>@type<biblScope> (scope of citation) defines the scope of a bibliographic reference, for example as a list of page numbers, or a named subdivision of a larger work. ModulecoreAttributesIn addition to global attributes

typeidentifies the type of information conveyed by the element, e.g. columns, pages, volume.

Status OptionalDatatype xsd:NameSuggested values include:vol(volume) the element contains a volume number.issuethe element contains an issue number, or volume and issue numbers.pp(pages) the element contains a page number or page range.chap(chapter) the element contains a chapter indication (number and/or title)partthe element identifies a part of a book or collection.

Used by model.imprintPartMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address choice corr date del emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index lb measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr ref reg rs sic soCalled term time title unclear figures: formula linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code gi ident val Declaration element biblScope { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, attribute type { "vol" | "issue" | "pp" | "chap" | "part" | xsd:Name }?, macro.phraseSeq }Examplepp 12–34II12

<body><body><body> (text body) contains the whole body of a single unitary text, excluding any front or back matter. ModuletextstructureAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.declaring (@decls) Used bytext May containanalysis: interp interpGrp core: bibl cit desc divGen gap head index l label lb lg list listBibl milestone note p pb q quote said sp stage figures: figure table header: biblFull linking: anchor tagdocs: eg textstructure: argument byline closer dateline div docAuthor docDate epigraph opener postscript salute signed trailer Declaration element body { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.declaring.attributes, ( model.global*, ( ( model.divTop ), ( model.global | model.divTop )* )?, ( ( model.divGenLike ), ( model.global | model.divGenLike )* )?, ( ( ( model.divLike ), ( model.global | model.divGenLike )* )+ | ( ( model.div1Like ), ( model.global | model.divGenLike )* )+ | ( ( ( model.common ), model.global* )+, ( ( ( model.divLike ), ( model.global | model.divGenLike )* )+ | ( ( model.div1Like ), ( model.global | model.divGenLike )* )+ )? ) ), ( ( model.divBottom ), model.global* )* ) }ExampleNu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uardmetudæs maecti end his modgidancuerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaeseci dryctin or astelidæhe aerist scop aelda barnumheben til hrofe haleg scepen.tha middungeard moncynnæs uardeci dryctin æfter tiadæfirum foldu frea allmectig primo cantauit Cædmon istud carmen.

<byline><byline><byline> contains the primary statement of responsibility given for a work on its title page or at the head or end of the work. ModuletextstructureAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed byopener model.divWrapper model.titlepagePart model.pLike.frontMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address choice corr date del emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index lb measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr ref reg rs sic soCalled term time title unclear figures: formula linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code gi ident val textstructure: docAuthor Declaration element byline { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, ( text | model.gLike | model.phrase | docAuthor | model.global )* }ExampleWritten by a CITIZEN who continued all the while in London. Never made publick before.ExampleWritten from her own MEMORANDUMSExampleBy George Jones, Political Editor, in WashingtonExampleZagreb:de notre envoyé spécial.ExampleBY THOMAS PHILIPOTT, Master of Arts, (Somtimes) Of Clare-Hall in Cambridge.NoteThe byline on a title page may include either the name or a description for the document's author. Where the name is included, it may optionally be tagged using the <docAuthor> element.

<cRefPattern><cRefPattern>@matchPattern@replacementPattern<cRefPattern> (canonical reference pattern) specifies an expression and replacement pattern for transforming a canonical reference into a URI. ModuleheaderAttributesIn addition to global attributes

matchPatternspecifies a regular expression against which the values of cRef attributes can be matched.

Status RequiredDatatype tokenValues must be a regular expression according to the W3C XML Schema LanguageNoteParenthesised groups are used not only for establishing order of precedence and atoms for quantification, but also for creating subpatterns to be referenced by the replacementPattern attribute.

replacementPatternspecifies a replacement pattern which, once subpattern substitution has been performed, provides a URI.Status RequiredDatatype textValues Should be the skeleton of a relative or absolute URI, with references to groups in the matchPattern.NoteThe strings $1 through $9 are references to the corresponding group in the regular expression specified by matchPattern (counting open parenthesis, left to right). Processors are expected to replace them with whatever matched the corresponding group in the regular expression.If a digit preceded by a dollar sign is needed in the actual replacement pattern (as opposed to being used as a back reference), the dollar sign must be written as %24.

Used byrefsDecl May containcore: p Declaration element cRefPattern { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, attribute matchPattern { token }, attribute replacementPattern { text }, model.pLike* }ExampleNoteThe result of the substitution may be either an absolute or a relative URI reference. In the latter case it is combined with the value of xml:base in force at the place where the cRef attribute occurs to form an absolute URI in the usual manner as prescribed by XML Base.

<catDesc><catDesc><catDesc> (category description) describes some category within a taxonomy or text typology, either in the form of a brief prose description or in terms of the situational parameters used by the TEI formal textDesc. ModuleheaderAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed bycategory May containcore: abbr address choice date emph expan foreign gloss measureGrp mentioned name num ptr ref rs soCalled term time title tagdocs: att code gi ident val Declaration element catDesc { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, ( text | model.limitedPhrase | model.catDescPart )* }ExampleProse reportageExampleprint; part issues

<catRef/><catRef>@target@scheme<catRef/> (category reference) specifies one or more defined categories within some taxonomy or text typology. ModuleheaderAttributesIn addition to global attributes

targetidentifies the categories concerned

Status RequiredDatatype 1–∞ occurrences of xsd:anyURIseparated by whitespaceValues A series of one or more space-separated pointers (URIs) to <category> elements, typically located within a <taxonomy> element inside a TEI header

schemeidentifies the classification scheme within which the set of categories concerned is defined Status OptionalDatatype xsd:anyURIValues May supply the identifier of the associated <taxonomy> element.

Used bytextClass May containEmpty elementDeclaration element catRef { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, attribute target { list { xsd:anyURI+ } }, attribute scheme { xsd:anyURI }?, empty }ExampleNewspapersProvincialLow to average annual salesNoteThe scheme attribute need be supplied only if more than one taxonomy has been declared

<category><category><category> contains an individual descriptive category, possibly nested within a superordinate category, within a user-defined taxonomy. ModuleheaderAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed bycategory taxonomy May containcore: desc gloss header: catDesc category Declaration element category { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, ( ( catDesc | model.glossLike* ), category* ) }ExampleProse reportageExampleProse reportagefiction

<cell><cell><cell> contains one cell of a table. ModulefiguresAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.tableDecoration (@role, @rows, @cols) Used byrow May containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address bibl choice cit corr date del desc emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index label lb list listBibl measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear figures: figure formula table header: biblFull linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code eg gi ident val Declaration element cell { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.tableDecoration.attributes, macro.paraContent }ExampleGeneral conductNot satisfactory, on account of his great unpunctuality and inattention to duties

<change><change>@when<change> summarizes a particular change or correction made to a particular version of an electronic text which is shared between several researchers. ModuleheaderAttributesIn addition to global attributes and those inherited from att.ascribed (@who)

whensupplies the date of the change in standard form, i.e. YYYY-MM-DD.

Used byrevisionDesc May containanalysis: interp interpGrp core: abbr address bibl choice cit date desc emph expan foreign gap gloss index label lb list listBibl measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num pb ptr q quote ref rs said soCalled stage term time title figures: figure table header: biblFull linking: anchor tagdocs: att code eg gi ident val Declaration element change { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.ascribed.attributes, attribute when { xsd:date | xsd:gYear | xsd:gMonth | xsd:gDay | xsd:gYearMonth | xsd:gMonthDay | xsd:time | xsd:dateTime }?, ( text | model.limitedPhrase | model.inter | model.global )* }Example ... Lou Burnardcopy editingBrett ZamirFinished chapter 23Finished chapter 2Added examples to section 3Deleted chapter 10NoteThe who attribute may be used to point to any other element, but will typically specify a <respStmt> or <person> element elsewhere in the header, identifying the person responsible for the change and their role in making it.It is recommended that changes be recorded with the most recent first.

<choice><choice><choice> groups a number of alternative encodings for the same point in a text.ModulecoreAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed bychoice model.pPart.editorialMay containcore: abbr choice corr expan orig reg sic unclear linking: seg Declaration element choice { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, ( model.choicePart | choice )* }ExampleAn American encoding of Gulliver's Travels which retains the British spelling but also provides a version regularized to American spelling might be encoded as follows.

Lastly, That, upon his solemn oath to observe all the above articles, the said man-mountain shall have a daily allowance of meat and drink sufficient for the support of 17241728 of our subjects, with free access to our royal person, and other marks of our favourfavor.

NoteBecause the children of a <choice> element all represent alternative ways of encoding the same sequence, it is natural to think of them as mutually exclusive. However, there may be cases where a full representation of a text requires the alternative encodings to be considered as parallel. Note also that <choice> elements may self-nest.For a specialized version of <choice> for encoding multiple witnesses of a single work, see section .

<cit><cit><cit> (cited quotation) contains a quotation from some other document, together with a bibliographic reference to its source. In a dictionary it may contain an example text with at least one occurrence of the word form, used in the sense being described, or a translation of the headword, or an example. ModulecoreAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.typed (@type, @subtype) Used by model.quoteLike model.entryPart.topMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp core: bibl cit gap index lb milestone note pb ptr q quote ref said header: biblFull linking: anchor Declaration element cit { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.typed.attributes, ( model.qLike | model.biblLike | model.ptrLike | model.global | model.entryPart )+ }Exampleand the breath of the whale is frequently attended with such an insupportable smell, as to bring on disorder of the brain.Ulloa's South AmericaExamplehorrifierto horrifyelle était horrifiée par la dépenseshe was horrified at the expense.

<classCode><classCode>@scheme<classCode> (classification code) contains the classification code used for this text in some standard classification system. ModuleheaderAttributesIn addition to global attributes

schemeidentifies the classification system or taxonomy in use.

Status RequiredDatatype xsd:anyURIValues may point to a local definition, for example in a <taxonomy> element, or more usually to some external location where the scheme is fully defined.

Used bytextClass May containanalysis: interp interpGrp core: abbr address choice date emph expan foreign gap gloss index lb measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num pb ptr ref rs soCalled term time title linking: anchor tagdocs: att code gi ident val Declaration element classCode { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, attribute scheme { xsd:anyURI }, macro.phraseSeq.limited }Example410

<classDecl><classDecl><classDecl> (classification declarations) contains one or more taxonomies defining any classificatory codes used elsewhere in the text. ModuleheaderAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed by model.encodingPartMay containheader: taxonomy Declaration element classDecl { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, taxonomy+ }ExampleLibrary of Congress Subject HeadingsPolitical scienceUnited States -- Politics and government — Revolution, 1775-1783

<closer><closer><closer> groups together salutations, datelines, and similar phrases appearing as a final group at the end of a division, especially of a letter. ModuletextstructureAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed by model.divBottomPartMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address choice corr date del emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index lb measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr ref reg rs sic soCalled term time title unclear figures: formula linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code gi ident val textstructure: dateline salute signed Declaration element closer { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, ( text | model.gLike | signed | dateline | salute | model.phrase | model.global )* }Example

perhaps you will favour me with a sight of it when convenient.

I remain, &c. &c.H. Colburn

Example

and his heart was going like mad and yes I said yes I will Yes.

Trieste-Zürich-Paris,1914–1921

<code><code>@lang<code> contains literal code from some formal language such as a programming language.ModuletagdocsAttributesIn addition to global attributes

lang(formal language) a name identifying the formal language in which the code is expressed

Status OptionalDatatype token { pattern = "(\p{L}|\p{N}|\p{P}|\p{S})+" }

Used by model.emphLikeMay containCharacter data onlyDeclaration element code { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, attribute lang { token { pattern = "(\p{L}|\p{N}|\p{P}|\p{S})+" } }?, text }Example


       Size fCheckbox1Size = new Size();
       fCheckbox1Size.Height = 500;
       fCheckbox1Size.Width = 500;
       xCheckbox1.setSize(fCheckbox1Size);

<corr><corr><corr> (correction) contains the correct form of a passage apparently erroneous in the copy text. ModulecoreAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.editLike (@cert, @resp, @evidence, @source) (att.dimensions (@unit, @quantity, @extent, @atLeast, @atMost, @min, @max, @precision, @scope)) att.typed (@type, @subtype) Used by model.pPart.transcriptional model.choicePartMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address bibl choice cit corr date del desc emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index label lb list listBibl measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear figures: figure formula table header: biblFull linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code eg gi ident val Declaration element corr { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.editLike.attributes, att.typed.attributes, macro.paraContent }ExampleIf all that is desired is to call attention to the fact that the copy text has been corrected, <corr> may be used alone:I don't know, Juan. It's so far in the past now — how can we prove or disprove anyone's theories?ExampleIt is also possible, using the <choice> and <sic> elements, to provide an uncorrected reading:I don't know, Juan. It's so far in the past now — how we cancan we prove or disprove anyone's theories?

<creation><creation><creation> contains information about the creation of a text. ModuleheaderAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed byprofileDesc May containanalysis: interp interpGrp core: abbr address choice date emph expan foreign gap gloss index lb measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num pb ptr ref rs soCalled term time title linking: anchor tagdocs: att code gi ident val Declaration element creation { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, macro.phraseSeq.limited }ExampleBefore 1987Example10 July 1988NoteCharacter data and phrase-level elements.The <creation> element may be used to record details of a text's creation, e.g. the date and place it was composed, if these are of interest; it should not be confused with the <publicationStmt> element, which records date and place of publication.

<date><date>@calendar<date> contains a date in any format. ModulecoreAttributesIn addition to global attributes and those inherited from att.datable (att.datable.w3c (@period, @when, @notBefore, @notAfter, @from, @to)) att.editLike (@cert, @resp, @evidence, @source) (att.dimensions (@unit, @quantity, @extent, @atLeast, @atMost, @min, @max, @precision, @scope)) att.typed (@type, @subtype)

calendarindicates the system or calendar to which the date represented by the content of this element belongs.

Status OptionalDatatype xsd:NameSuggested values include:GregorianGregorian calendarJulianJulian calendarIslamicIslamic or Muslim (hijri) lunar calendarHebrewHebrew or Jewish lunisolar calendarRevolutionaryFrench Revolutionary calendarIranianIranian or Persian (Jalaali) solar calendarCopticCoptic or Alexandrian calendarChineseChinese lunisolar calendarHe was born on Feb. 22, 1732 ( Feb. 11, 1731/32, O.S.).

Used by model.dateLike model.publicationStmtPartMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address choice corr date del emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index lb measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr ref reg rs sic soCalled term time title unclear figures: formula linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code gi ident val Declaration element date { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.datable.attributes, att.editLike.attributes, att.typed.attributes, attribute calendar { "Gregorian" | "Julian" | "Islamic" | "Hebrew" | "Revolutionary" | "Iranian" | "Coptic" | "Chinese" | xsd:Name }?, ( text | model.gLike | model.phrase | model.global )* }Exampleearly February 1980ExampleGiven on the Twelfth Day of June in the Year of Our Lord One Thousand Nine Hundred and Seventy-seven of the Republic the Two Hundredth and first and of the University the Eighty-Sixth.ExampleSeptember 1990

<dateline><dateline><dateline> contains a brief description of the place, date, time, etc. of production of a letter, newspaper story, or other work, prefixed or suffixed to it as a kind of heading or trailer. ModuletextstructureAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed bycloser opener model.divWrapperMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address choice corr date del emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index lb measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr ref reg rs sic soCalled term time title unclear figures: formula linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code gi ident val Declaration element dateline { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, macro.phraseSeq }ExampleWalden, this 29. of August 1592Example

and his heart was going like mad and yes I said yes I will Yes.

Trieste-Zürich-Paris,1914–1921

<del><del><del> (deletion) contains a letter, word, or passage deleted, marked as deleted, or otherwise indicated as superfluous or spurious in the copy text by an author, scribe, annotator, or corrector. ModulecoreAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.transcriptional (@hand, @status, @seq) (att.editLike (@cert, @resp, @evidence, @source) (att.dimensions (@unit, @quantity, @extent, @atLeast, @atMost, @min, @max, @precision, @scope)) ) att.typed (@type, @subtype) Used by model.pPart.transcriptionalMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address bibl choice cit corr date del desc emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index label lb list listBibl measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear figures: figure formula table header: biblFull linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code eg gi ident val Declaration element del { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.transcriptional.attributes, att.typed.attributes, macro.paraContent }Example~~Mein~~ Frisch ~~schwebt~~ weht der WindNoteDegrees of uncertainty over what can still be read may be indicated by use of the <certainty> element (see ).This element should be used for deletion of shorter sequences of text, typically single words or phrases. The <delSpan> element should be used for longer sequences of text, for those containing structural subdivisions, and for those containing overlapping additions and deletions.The text deleted must be at least partially legible, in order for the encoder to be able to transcribe it. Illegible text within a deletion may be marked using the <gap> tag to signal that text is present but has not been transcribed. Attributes on the <gap> element may be used to indicate how much text is omitted, the reason for omitting it, etc. If text is not fully legible, the <unclear> element (available when using the additional tagset for transcription of primary sources) should be used to signal the areas of text which cannot be read with confidence in a similar way. See further sections and, for the close association of the <del> tag with the <gap>, <damage>, <unclear> and <supplied> elements (the latter three tags available when using the additional tagset for transcription of primary sources), .The <del> tag should not be used for deletions made by editors or encoders. In these cases, either the <corr> tag or the <gap> tag should be used.

<desc><desc><desc> (description) contains a brief description of the object documented by its parent element, including its intended usage, purpose, or application where this is appropriate. ModulecoreAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.translatable (@version) Used by model.glossLike model.labelLikeMay containcore: abbr address bibl choice cit date desc emph expan foreign gloss label list listBibl measureGrp mentioned name num ptr q quote ref rs said soCalled stage term time title figures: figure table header: biblFull tagdocs: att code eg gi ident val Declaration element desc { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.translatable.attributes, macro.limitedContent }Examplecontains a brief description of the purpose and application for an element, attribute, attribute value, class, or entity.NoteTEI convention requires that this be expressed as a finite clause, begining with an active verb.

<distributor><distributor><distributor> supplies the name of a person or other agency responsible for the distribution of a text. ModuleheaderAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed by model.imprintPart model.publicationStmtPartMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address choice corr date del emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index lb measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr ref reg rs sic soCalled term time title unclear figures: formula linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code gi ident val Declaration element distributor { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, macro.phraseSeq }ExampleOxford Text ArchiveRedwood and Burn Ltd

<div><div><div> (text division) contains a subdivision of the front, body, or back of a text. ModuletextstructureAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.divLike (@org, @sample, @part) att.typed (@type, @subtype) att.declaring (@decls) Used by model.divLikeMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp core: bibl cit desc divGen gap head index l label lb lg list listBibl milestone note p pb q quote said sp stage figures: figure table header: biblFull linking: anchor tagdocs: eg textstructure: argument byline closer dateline div docAuthor docDate epigraph opener postscript salute signed trailer Declaration element div { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.divLike.attributes, att.typed.attributes, att.declaring.attributes, ( ( model.divTop | model.global )*, ( ( ( ( ( model.divLike | model.divGenLike ), model.global* )+ ) | ( ( ( model.common ), model.global* )+, ( ( model.divLike | model.divGenLike ), model.global* )* ) ), ( ( model.divBottom ), model.global* )* )? ) }Example

Fallacies of Authority

The subject of which is Authority in various shapes, and the object, to repress all exercise of the reasoning faculty.

The Nature of Authority

With reference to any proposed measures having for their object the greatest happiness of the greatest number....

Analysis of Authority

What on any given occasion is the legitimate weight or influence to be attached to authority ...

Appeal to Authority, in What Cases Fallacious.

Reference to authority is open to the charge of fallacy when...

<divGen><divGen>@type<divGen> (automatically generated text division) indicates the location at which a textual division generated automatically by a text-processing application is to appear. ModulecoreAttributesIn addition to global attributes

typespecifies what type of generated text division (e.g. index, table of contents, etc.) is to appear.

Status OptionalDatatype xsd:NameSample values include:indexan index is to be generated and inserted at this point.toca table of contentsfiglista list of figurestablista list of tablesNoteValid values are application-dependent; those shown are of obvious utility in document production, but are by no means exhaustive.

Used by model.frontPart model.divGenLikeMay containcore: head Declaration element divGen { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, attribute type { xsd:Name }?, model.headLike* }ExampleOne use for this element is to allow document preparation software to generate an index and insert it in the appropriate place in the output. The example below assumes that the indexName attribute on <index> elements in the text has been used to specify index entries for the two generated indexes, named NAMES and THINGS:BibliographyIndicesExampleAnother use for <divGen> is to specify the location of an automatically produced table of contents:

Preface

...

NoteThis element is intended primarily for use in document production or manipulation, rather than in the transcription of pre-existing materials; it makes it easier to specify the location of indices, tables of contents, etc., to be generated by text preparation or word processing software.

<docAuthor><docAuthor><docAuthor> (document author) contains the name of the author of the document, as given on the title page (often but not always contained in a byline). ModuletextstructureAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.canonical (@key, @ref) Used bybyline model.titlepagePart model.divWrapper model.pLike.frontMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address choice corr date del emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index lb measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr ref reg rs sic soCalled term time title unclear figures: formula linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code gi ident val Declaration element docAuthor { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.canonical.attributes, macro.phraseSeq }ExampleTravels into Several Remote Nations of the World, in Four Parts. By Lemuel Gulliver, First a Surgeon, and then a Captain of several ShipsNoteThe document author's name often occurs within a byline, but the <docAuthor> element may be used whether the <byline> element is used or not.

<docDate><docDate>@when<docDate> (document date) contains the date of a document, as given (usually) on a title page. ModuletextstructureAttributesIn addition to global attributes

whengives the value of the date in standard form, i.e. YYYY-MM-DD.

Status OptionalDatatype xsd:date | xsd:gYear | xsd:gMonth | xsd:gDay | xsd:gYearMonth | xsd:gMonthDay | xsd:time | xsd:dateTimeValues a date in one of the formats specified in XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second EditionNoteFor simple dates, the when attribute should give the Gregorian or proleptic Gregorian date in the form (YYYY-MM-DD) specified by XML Schema Part 2.

Used bydocImprint model.titlepagePart model.divWrapper model.pLike.frontMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address choice corr date del emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index lb measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr ref reg rs sic soCalled term time title unclear figures: formula linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code gi ident val Declaration element docDate { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, attribute when { xsd:date | xsd:gYear | xsd:gMonth | xsd:gDay | xsd:gYearMonth | xsd:gMonthDay | xsd:time | xsd:dateTime }?, macro.phraseSeq }ExampleOxford, Clarendon Press, 1987NoteCf. the general <date> element in the core tag set. This specialized element is provided for convenience in marking and processing the date of the documents, since it is likely to require specialized handling for many applications.

<docEdition><docEdition><docEdition> (document edition) contains an edition statement as presented on a title page of a document. ModuletextstructureAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed by model.titlepagePart model.pLike.frontMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address bibl choice cit corr date del desc emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index label lb list listBibl measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear figures: figure formula table header: biblFull linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code eg gi ident val Declaration element docEdition { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, macro.paraContent }ExampleThe Third edition CorrectedNoteCf. the <edition> element of bibliographic citation. As usual, the shorter name has been given to the more frequent element.

<docImprint><docImprint><docImprint> (document imprint) contains the imprint statement (place and date of publication, publisher name), as given (usually) at the foot of a title page. ModuletextstructureAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed by model.titlepagePart model.pLike.frontMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address choice corr date del emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index lb measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr pubPlace publisher ref reg rs sic soCalled term time title unclear figures: formula linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code gi ident val textstructure: docDate Declaration element docImprint { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, ( text | model.gLike | model.phrase | pubPlace | docDate | publisher | model.global )* }ExampleOxford, Clarendon Press, 1987Imprints may be somewhat more complex: London Printed for E. Nutt, at Royal Exchange; J. Roberts in wick-Lane; A. Dodd without Temple-Bar; and J. Graves in St. James's-street.1722.NoteCf. the <imprint> element of bibliographic citations. As with title, author, and editions, the shorter name is reserved for the element likely to be used more often.

<docTitle><docTitle><docTitle> (document title) contains the title of a document, including all its constituents, as given on a title page. ModuletextstructureAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.canonical (@key, @ref) Used by model.titlepagePart model.pLike.frontMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp core: gap index lb milestone note pb linking: anchor textstructure: titlePart Declaration element docTitle { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.canonical.attributes, ( model.global*, ( titlePart, model.global* )+ ) }ExampleThe DUNCIAD, VARIOURVM. WITH THE PROLEGOMENA of SCRIBLERUS.

<edition><edition><edition> (edition) describes the particularities of one edition of a text. ModuleheaderAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed byeditionStmt model.biblPartMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address choice corr date del emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index lb measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr ref reg rs sic soCalled term time title unclear figures: formula linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code gi ident val Declaration element edition { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, macro.phraseSeq }ExampleFirst edition Oct 1990Students' edition

<editionStmt><editionStmt><editionStmt> (edition statement) groups information relating to one edition of a text. ModuleheaderAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed bybiblFull fileDesc May containcore: p respStmt header: edition Declaration element editionStmt { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, ( model.pLike+ | ( edition, respStmt* ) ) }ExampleStudents' editionAdapted by Elizabeth KirkExample

First edition, Michaelmas Term, 1991.

<editor><editor>@role<editor> secondary statement of responsibility for a bibliographic item, for example the name of an individual, institution or organization, (or of several such) acting as editor, compiler, translator, etc. ModulecoreAttributesIn addition to global attributes

rolespecifies the nature of the intellectual responsibility

Status OptionalDatatype xsd:NameValues semi-open list (examples might include: translator, editor, compiler, illustrator, etc.)

Used by model.respLikeMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address choice corr date del emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index lb measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr ref reg rs sic soCalled term time title unclear figures: formula linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code gi ident val Declaration element editor { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, attribute role { xsd:Name }?, macro.phraseSeq }ExampleEric JohnsonJohn TennielNoteA consistent format should be adopted.Particularly where cataloguing is likely to be based on the content of the header, it is advisable to use generally recognized authority lists for the exact form of personal names.

<editorialDecl><editorialDecl><editorialDecl> (editorial practice declaration) provides details of editorial principles and practices applied during the encoding of a text. ModuleheaderAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.declarable (@default) Used by model.encodingPartMay containcore: p Declaration element editorialDecl { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.declarable.attributes, ( model.pLike+ | model.editorialDeclPart+ ) }Example

All words converted to Modern American spelling using Websters 9th Collegiate dictionary

All opening quotation marks converted to “ all closing quotation marks converted to &cdq;.

<eg><eg><eg> (example) contains any kind of illustrative example. ModuletagdocsAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.xmlspace (@xml:space) Used by model.egLikeMay containCharacter data onlyDeclaration element eg { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.xmlspace.attributes, text }Example

The term element is declared using the following syntax: <![CDATA[<!ELEMENT term (%phrase.content;)>]]

NoteIf the example contains material in XML markup, either it must be enclosed within a CDATA marked section, or character entity references must be used to represent the markup delimiters. If the example contains well-formed XML, it should be marked using the more specific <egXML> element.

<emph><emph><emph> (emphasized) marks words or phrases which are stressed or emphasized for linguistic or rhetorical effect. ModulecoreAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed by model.emphLikeMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address bibl choice cit corr date del desc emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index label lb list listBibl measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear figures: figure formula table header: biblFull linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code eg gi ident val Declaration element emph { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, macro.paraContent }ExampleYou took the car and did what?!!ExampleWhat it all comes to is this, he said. What does Christopher Robin do in the morning nowadays?

<encodingDesc><encodingDesc><encodingDesc> (encoding description) documents the relationship between an electronic text and the source or sources from which it was derived. ModuleheaderAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed by model.headerPartMay containcore: p header: appInfo classDecl editorialDecl geoDecl projectDesc refsDecl samplingDecl Declaration element encodingDesc { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, ( ( model.encodingPart | model.pLike )+ ) }Example

Basic encoding, capturing lexical information only. All hyphenation, punctuation, and variant spellings normalized. No formatting or layout information preserved.

<epigraph><epigraph><epigraph> contains a quotation, anonymous or attributed, appearing at the start of a section or chapter, or on a title page. ModuletextstructureAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed byopener model.divWrapper model.titlepagePart model.pLike.frontMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp core: bibl cit desc gap index l label lb lg list listBibl milestone note p pb q quote said sp stage figures: figure table header: biblFull linking: anchor tagdocs: eg Declaration element epigraph { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, ( model.common | model.global )* }ExampleLucret.petere inde coronam,Vnde prius nulli velarint tempora Musae.

<expan><expan><expan> (expansion) contains the expansion of an abbreviation. ModulecoreAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.editLike (@cert, @resp, @evidence, @source) (att.dimensions (@unit, @quantity, @extent, @atLeast, @atMost, @min, @max, @precision, @scope)) Used by model.pPart.editorial model.choicePartMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address choice corr date del emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index lb measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr ref reg rs sic soCalled term time title unclear figures: formula linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code gi ident val Declaration element expan { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.editLike.attributes, macro.phraseSeq }ExampleThe address is Southmoor RoadRdNoteThe content of this element should usually be a complete word or phrase. The <ex> element provided by the transcr module may be used to mark up sequences of letters supplied within such an expansion.

<extent><extent><extent> describes the approximate size of a text as stored on some carrier medium, whether digital or non-digital, specified in any convenient units. ModuleheaderAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed bybiblFull fileDesc model.biblPartMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address choice corr date del emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index lb measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr ref reg rs sic soCalled term time title unclear figures: formula linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code gi ident val Declaration element extent { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, macro.phraseSeq }Example3200 sentencesbetween 10 and 20 Mbten 3.5 inch high density diskettes

<figDesc><figDesc><figDesc> (description of figure) contains a brief prose description of the appearance or content of a graphic figure, for use when documenting an image without displaying it. ModulefiguresAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed byfigure May containcore: abbr address bibl choice cit date desc emph expan foreign gloss label list listBibl measureGrp mentioned name num ptr q quote ref rs said soCalled stage term time title figures: figure table header: biblFull tagdocs: att code eg gi ident val Declaration element figDesc { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, macro.limitedContent }Example

Emblemi d'AmoreA pair of naked winged cupids, each holding a flaming torch, in a rural setting.NoteThis element is intended for use as an alternative to the content of its parent <figure> element; for example, to display when the image is required but the equipment in use cannot display graphic images. It may also be used for indexing or documentary purposes.

<figure><figure><figure> groups elements representing or containing graphic information such as an illustration or figure. ModulefiguresAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.placement (@place) Used byfigure model.inter model.titlepagePartMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp core: gap graphic head index lb milestone note p pb figures: figDesc figure formula linking: anchor tagdocs: eg Declaration element figure { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.placement.attributes, ( model.headLike | model.pLike | figDesc | model.graphicLike | model.egLike | figure | model.global )* }Example

Figure One: The View from the BridgeA Whistleresque view showing four or five sailing boats in the foreground, and a series of buoys strung out between them.

<fileDesc><fileDesc><fileDesc> (file description) contains a full bibliographic description of an electronic file. ModuleheaderAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed byteiHeader May containheader: editionStmt extent notesStmt publicationStmt seriesStmt sourceDesc titleStmt Declaration element fileDesc { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, ( ( titleStmt, editionStmt?, extent?, publicationStmt, seriesStmt?, notesStmt? ), sourceDesc+ ) }ExampleThe shortest possible TEI document

Distributed as part of TEI P5

No print source exists: this is an original digital text

NoteThe major source of information for those seeking to create a catalogue entry or bibliographic citation for an electronic file. As such, it provides a title and statements of responsibility together with details of the publication or distribution of the file, of any series to which it belongs, and detailed bibliographic notes for matters not addressed elsewhere in the header. It also contains a full bibliographic description for the source or sources from which the electronic text was derived.

<foreign><foreign><foreign> (foreign) identifies a word or phrase as belonging to some language other than that of the surrounding text. ModulecoreAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed by model.emphLikeMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address choice corr date del emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index lb measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr ref reg rs sic soCalled term time title unclear figures: formula linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code gi ident val Declaration element foreign { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, macro.phraseSeq }ExampleThis is heathen Greek to you still? Your lapis philosophicus?NoteThe global xml:lang attribute should be supplied for this element to identify the language of the word or phrase marked. As elsewhere, its value should be a language tag as defined in .This element is intended for use only where no other element is available to mark the phrase or words concerned. The global xml:lang attribute should be used in preference to this element where it is intended to mark the language of the whole of some text element.The <distinct> element may be used to identify phrases belonging to sublanguages or registers not generally regarded as true languages.

<formula><formula>@notation<formula> contains a mathematical or other formula. ModulefiguresAttributesIn addition to global attributes

notationsupplies the name of a previously defined notation used for the content of the element.

Status OptionalDatatype xsd:anyURIValues The name of a formal notation previously declared in the document type declaration.

Used by model.graphicLikeMay containcore: graphic figures: formula Declaration element formula { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, attribute notation { xsd:anyURI }?, ( text | model.graphicLike )* }Example$e=mc^2$

<front><front><front> (front matter) contains any prefatory matter (headers, title page, prefaces, dedications, etc.) found at the start of a document, before the main body. ModuletextstructureAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.declaring (@decls) Used bytext May containanalysis: interp interpGrp core: divGen gap head index lb milestone note pb linking: anchor textstructure: argument byline closer div docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph postscript signed titlePage titlePart trailer Declaration element front { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.declaring.attributes, ( ( model.frontPart | model.pLike.front | model.global )*, ( ( ( ( model.div1Like ), ( model.frontPart | model.div1Like | model.global )* ) | ( ( model.divLike ), ( model.frontPart | model.divLike | model.global )* ) )? ), ( ( ( model.divBottomPart ), ( model.divBottomPart | model.global )* )? ) ) }ExampleNam Sibyllam quidem Cumis ego ipse oculis meis vidi in ampulla pendere, et cum illi pueri dicerent: Sibylla ti weleis; respondebat illa: apowanein welo.

For Ezra Pound il miglior fabbro.

Example

To our three selves

Author's Note

All the characters in this book are purely imaginary, and if the author has used names that may suggest a reference to living persons she has done so inadvertently. ...

<funder><funder><funder> (funding body) specifies the name of an individual, institution, or organization responsible for the funding of a project or text. ModuleheaderAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed by model.respLikeMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp core: abbr address choice date emph expan foreign gap gloss index lb measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num pb ptr ref rs soCalled term time title linking: anchor tagdocs: att code gi ident val Declaration element funder { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, macro.phraseSeq.limited }ExampleThe National Endowment for the Humanities, an independent federal agencyDirectorate General XIII of the Commission of the European CommunitiesThe Andrew W. Mellon FoundationThe Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of CanadaNoteFunders provide financial support for a project; they are distinct from sponsors, who provide intellectual support and authority.

<gap><gap>@reason@hand@agent<gap> (gap) indicates a point where material has been omitted in a transcription, whether for editorial reasons described in the TEI header, as part of sampling practice, or because the material is illegible, invisible, or inaudible. ModulecoreAttributesIn addition to global attributes and those inherited from att.editLike (@cert, @resp, @evidence, @source) (att.dimensions (@unit, @quantity, @extent, @atLeast, @atMost, @min, @max, @precision, @scope))

reasongives the reason for omission. Sample values include sampling, inaudible, irrelevant, cancelled.

Status OptionalDatatype 1–∞ occurrences of token { pattern = "(\p{L}|\p{N}|\p{P}|\p{S})+" }separated by whitespaceValues any short indication of the reason for the omission.

handin the case of text omitted from the transcription because of deliberate deletion by an identifiable hand, signifies the hand which made the deletion.Status OptionalDatatype xsd:anyURIValues must be one of the hand identifiers declared in the document header (see section ).

agentIn the case of text omitted because of damage, categorizes the cause of the damage, if it can be identified.Status OptionalDatatype xsd:NameSample values include:rubbingdamage results from rubbing of the leaf edgesmildewdamage results from mildew on the leaf surfacesmokedamage results from smoke

Used by model.global.editMay containcore: desc gloss Declaration element gap { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.editLike.attributes, attribute reason { list { token { pattern = "(\p{L}|\p{N}|\p{P}|\p{S})+" }+ } }?, attribute hand { xsd:anyURI }?, attribute agent { xsd:Name }?, model.glossLike* }ExampleExampleNoteThe <gap>, <unclear>, and <del> core tag elements may be closely allied in use with the <damage> and <supplied> elements, available when using the additional tagset for transcription of primary sources. See section for discussion of which element is appropriate for which circumstance.

<geoDecl><geoDecl>@datum<geoDecl> (geographic coordinates declaration) documents the notation and the datum used for geographic coordinates expressed as content of the <geo> element elsewhere within the document.ModuleheaderAttributesIn addition to global attributes and those inherited from att.declarable (@default)

datumsupplies a commonly used code name for the datum employed.

Status Mandatory when applicableDatatype xsd:NameSuggested values include:WGS84(World Geodetic System) a pair of numbers to be interpreted as latitude followed by longitude according to the World Geodetic System. [Default]MGRS(Military Grid Reference System) the values supplied are geospatial entity object codes, based on Universal Transverse Mercator coordinatesOSGB36(ordnance survey great britain) the value supplied is to be interpreted as a British National Grid Reference.ED50(European Datum coordinate system) the value supplied is to be interpreted as latitude followed by longitude according to the European Datum coordinate system.

Used by model.encodingPartMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address choice corr date del emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index lb measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr ref reg rs sic soCalled term time title unclear figures: formula linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code gi ident val Declaration element geoDecl { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.declarable.attributes, attribute datum { "WGS84" | "MGRS" | "OSGB36" | "ED50" | xsd:Name }?, macro.phraseSeq }Example

<gi><gi>@scheme<gi> (element name) contains the name (generic identifier) of an element. ModuletagdocsAttributesIn addition to global attributes

schemesupplies the name of the scheme in which this name is defined.

Status OptionalDatatype xsd:NameSample values include:TEI(text encoding initiative) this element is part of the TEI scheme. [Default]DBK(docbook) this element is part of the Docbook scheme.XX(unknown) this element is part of an unknown scheme.

Used by model.phrase.xmlMay containCharacter data onlyDeclaration element gi { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, attribute scheme { xsd:Name }?, text }Example

The xhtml:li element is roughly analogous to the item element, as is the listItem element.

This example shows the use of both a namespace prefix and the schema attribute as alternative ways of indicating that the gi in question is not a TEI element name: in practice only one method should be adopted.

<gloss><gloss>@target@cRef<gloss> identifies a phrase or word used to provide a gloss or definition for some other word or phrase. ModulecoreAttributesIn addition to global attributes and those inherited from att.declaring (@decls) att.translatable (@version) att.typed (@type, @subtype)

targetidentifies the associated <term> element by an absolute or relative URI reference

Status OptionalDatatype xsd:anyURIValues should be a valid URI reference that resolves to a <term> element

cRef(canonical reference) identifies the associated <term> element using a canonical reference from a scheme defined in a <refsDecl> element in the TEI headerStatus OptionalDatatype xsd:anyURIValues the result of applying the algorithm for the resolution of canonical references (described in section ) should be a valid URI reference that resolves to a <term> elementNoteThe <refsDecl> to use may be indicated with the decls attribute.

Used by model.emphLike model.glossLikeMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address choice corr date del emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index lb measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr ref reg rs sic soCalled term time title unclear figures: formula linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code gi ident val Declaration element gloss { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.declaring.attributes, att.translatable.attributes, att.typed.attributes, ( attribute target { xsd:anyURI }? | attribute cRef { xsd:anyURI }? ), macro.phraseSeq }ExampleWe may define discoursal point of view as the relationship, expressed through discourse structure, between the implied author or some other addresser, and the fiction.NoteThe target and cRef attributes are mutually exclusive.

<graphic/><graphic>@width@height@scale@url<graphic/> indicates the location of an inline graphic, illustration, or figure. ModulecoreAttributesIn addition to global attributes and those inherited from att.internetMedia (@mimeType) att.declaring (@decls)

widthThe display width of the image

Status Mandatory when applicableDatatype token { pattern = "[\-+]?\d+(\.\d+)?(%|cm|mm|in|pt|pc|px|em|ex|gd|rem|vw|vh|vm)" }

heightThe display height of the imageStatus Mandatory when applicableDatatype token { pattern = "[\-+]?\d+(\.\d+)?(%|cm|mm|in|pt|pc|px|em|ex|gd|rem|vw|vh|vm)" }

scaleA scale factor to be applied to the image to make it the desired display sizeStatus Mandatory when applicableDatatype xsd:double | xsd:decimal

url(uniform resource locator) A URL which refers to the image itself.Status Mandatory when applicableDatatype xsd:anyURI

Used by model.graphicLike model.titlepagePartMay containEmpty elementDeclaration element graphic { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.internetMedia.attributes, att.declaring.attributes, attribute width { token { pattern = "[\-+]?\d+(\.\d+)?(%|cm|mm|in|pt|pc|px|em|ex|gd|rem|vw|vh|vm)" } }?, attribute height { token { pattern = "[\-+]?\d+(\.\d+)?(%|cm|mm|in|pt|pc|px|em|ex|gd|rem|vw|vh|vm)" } }?, attribute scale { xsd:double | xsd:decimal }?, attribute url { xsd:anyURI }?, empty }Example

Figure One: The View from the BridgeA Whistleresque view showing four or five sailing boats in the foreground, and a series of buoys strung out between them.NoteThe mimeType attribute should be used to supply the MIME media type of the image specified by the url attribute.

<group><group><group> contains the body of a composite text, grouping together a sequence of distinct texts (or groups of such texts) which are regarded as a unit for some purpose, for example the collected works of an author, a sequence of prose essays, etc. ModuletextstructureAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.declaring (@decls) Used bygroup text May containanalysis: interp interpGrp core: gap head index lb milestone note pb linking: anchor textstructure: argument byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate epigraph group opener postscript salute signed text trailer Declaration element group { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.declaring.attributes, ( ( model.divTop | model.global )*, ( ( text | group ), ( text | group | model.global )* ), model.divBottom* ) }Example

<head><head><head> (heading) contains any type of heading, for example the title of a section, or the heading of a list, glossary, manuscript description, etc. ModulecoreAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.typed (@type, @subtype) Used by model.headLike model.pLike.frontMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address bibl choice cit corr date del desc emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index label lb list listBibl measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear figures: figure formula table header: biblFull linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code eg gi ident val Declaration element head { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.typed.attributes, macro.paraContent }ExampleThe most common use for the <head> element is to mark the headings of sections. In older writings, the headings or incipits may be rather longer than usual in modern works. If a section has an explicit ending as well as a heading, it should be marked as a <trailer>, as in this example:In the name of Christ here begins the first book of the ecclesiastical history of Georgius Florentinus, known as Gregory, Bishop of Tours.Chapter-HeadingsIn the name of Christ here begins Book I of the history.

Proposing as I do ...

From the Passion of our Lord until the death of Saint Martin four hundred and twelve years passed.

Here ends the first Book, which covers five thousand, five hundred and ninety-six years from the beginning of the world down to the death of Saint Martin.ExampleThe <head> element is also used to mark headings of other units, such as lists:With a few exceptions, connectives are equally useful in all kinds of discourse: description, narration, exposition, argument. Connectivesaboveaccordinglyacross fromadjacent toagainNoteThe <head> element is used for headings at all levels; software which treats (e.g.) chapter headings, section headings, and list titles differently must determine the proper processing of a <head> element based on its structural position. A <head> occurring as the first element of a list is the title of that list; one occurring as the first element of a <div1> is the title of that chapter or section.

<hi><hi><hi> (highlighted) marks a word or phrase as graphically distinct from the surrounding text, for reasons concerning which no claim is made. ModulecoreAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed by model.hiLikeMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address bibl choice cit corr date del desc emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index label lb list listBibl measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear figures: figure formula table header: biblFull linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code eg gi ident val Declaration element hi { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, macro.paraContent }ExampleAnd this Indenture further witnesseth that the said Walter Shandy, merchant, in consideration of the said intended marriage ...

<ident><ident><ident> (identifier) contains an identifier or name for an object of some kind in a formal language.ModuletagdocsAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.typed (@type, @subtype) Used by model.emphLikeMay containCharacter data onlyDeclaration element ident { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.typed.attributes, text }Examplehttp://www.tei-c.org/ns/ExamplesNoteIn running prose, this element may be used for any kind of identifier in any formal language.

<idno><idno>@type<idno> (identifying number) supplies any standard or non-standard number used to identify a bibliographic item. ModuleheaderAttributesIn addition to global attributes

typecategorizes the number, for example as an ISBN or other standard series.

Status OptionalDatatype xsd:NameValues A name or abbreviation indicating what type of identifying number is given (e.g. ISBN, LCCN).

Used byseriesStmt model.biblPart model.publicationStmtPartMay containCharacter data onlyDeclaration element idno { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, attribute type { xsd:Name }?, text }Example0143-3385116

<index><index>@indexName<index> (index entry) marks a location to be indexed for whatever purpose. ModulecoreAttributesIn addition to global attributes and those inherited from att.spanning (@spanTo)

indexNamesupplies a name to specify which index (of several) the index entry belongs to.

Status OptionalDatatype xsd:NameValues an application-specific name, consisting of Unicode characters only.NoteThis attribute makes it possible to create multiple indexes for a text.

Used byindex model.global.metaMay containcore: index term Declaration element index { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.spanning.attributes, attribute indexName { xsd:Name }?, ( term, index? )* }ExampleDavid's other principal backer, Josiah ha-Kohen Josiah ha-Kohen b. Azarya b. Azarya, son of one of the last gaons of Sura Sura was David's own first cousin.

<interp><interp><interp> (interpretation) summarizes a specific interpretative annotation which can be linked to a span of text. ModuleanalysisAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.interpLike (@resp, @type, @inst) Used byinterpGrp model.global.metaMay containcore: desc gloss Declaration element interp { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.interpLike.attributes, ( text | model.gLike | model.glossLike )* }Exampleaftermath

<interpGrp><interpGrp><interpGrp> (interpretation group) collects together a set of related interpretations which share responsibility or type. ModuleanalysisAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.interpLike (@resp, @type, @inst) Used by model.global.metaMay containanalysis: interp core: desc gloss Declaration element interpGrp { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.interpLike.attributes, ( model.glossLike*, interp+ ) }Examplebasic structural organizationintroductionconflictclimaxrevengereconciliationaftermathNoteAny number of <interp> elements.

<item><item><item> contains one component of a list. ModulecoreAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed bylist May containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address bibl choice cit corr date del desc emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig p pb ptr q quote ref reg rs said sic soCalled sp stage term time title unclear figures: figure formula table header: biblFull linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code eg gi ident val Declaration element item { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, macro.specialPara }ExampleHere begin the chapter headings of Book IVThe death of Queen Clotild.How King Lothar wanted to appropriate one third of the Church revenues.The wives and children of Lothar.The Counts of the Bretons.Saint Gall the Bishop.The priest Cato. ...NoteMay contain simple prose or a sequence of chunks.Whatever string of characters is used to label a list item in the copy text may be used as the value of the global n attribute, but it is not required that numbering be recorded explicitly. In ordered lists, the n attribute on the <item> element is by definition synonymous with the use of the <label> element to record the enumerator of the list item. In glossary lists, however, the term being defined should be given with the <label> element, not n.

<keywords><keywords>@scheme<keywords> contains a list of keywords or phrases identifying the topic or nature of a text. ModuleheaderAttributesIn addition to global attributes

schemeidentifies the controlled vocabulary within which the set of keywords concerned is defined.

Status RequiredDatatype xsd:anyURIValues Usually this will indicate an external website or other location where the scheme is documented.

Used bytextClass May containcore: list term Declaration element keywords { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, attribute scheme { xsd:anyURI }, ( term+ | list ) }ExampleBabbage, CharlesMathematicians - Great Britain - Biography

<l><l>@part<l> (verse line) contains a single, possibly incomplete, line of verse. ModulecoreAttributesIn addition to global attributes

partspecifies whether or not the line is metrically complete.

Status Mandatory when applicableLegal values are:Y(yes) the line is metrically incompleteN(no) either the line is complete, or no claim is made as to its completeness [Default]I(initial) the initial part of an incomplete lineM(medial) a medial part of an incomplete lineF(final) the final part of an incomplete lineNoteThe values I, M, or F should be used only where it is clear how the line is to be reconstituted.

Used by model.lLikeMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address bibl choice cit corr date del desc emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index label lb list listBibl measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear figures: figure formula table header: biblFull linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code eg gi ident val Declaration element l { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, attribute part { "Y" | "N" | "I" | "M" | "F" }?, macro.paraContent }Example

<label><label><label> contains the label associated with an item in a list; in glossaries, marks the term being defined. ModulecoreAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed bylist model.labelLikeMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address choice corr date del emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index lb measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr ref reg rs sic soCalled term time title unclear figures: formula linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code gi ident val Declaration element label { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, macro.phraseSeq }ExampleLabels are most commonly used for the headwords in glossary lists; note the use of the global xml:lang attribute to set the default language of the glossary list to Middle English, and identify the glosses and headings as modern English or Latin:VocabularyMiddle EnglishNew Englishnunowlhudeloudlyblowethbloomsmedmeadowwudewoodaweewelhouthlowsstertethbounds, frisks (cf. Chaucer, K.T.644a courser, stertingas the fyrvertethpeditmuriemerrilyswikceasenaverneverExampleLabels may also be used to record explicitly the numbers or letters which mark list items in ordered lists, as in this extract from Gibbon's Autobiography. In this usage the <label> element is synonymous with the n attribute on the <item> element:I will add two facts, which have seldom occurred in the composition of six, or at least of five quartos. (1)My first rough manuscript, without any intermediate copy, has been sent to the press.(2) Not a sheet has been seen by any human eyes, excepting those of the author and the printer: the faults and the merits are exclusively my own.ExampleLabels may also be used for other structured list items, as in this extract from the journal of Edward Gibbon:March 1757.I wrote some critical observations upon Plautus.March 8th.I wrote a long dissertation upon some lines of Virgil.June.I saw Mademoiselle Curchod — Omnia vincit amor, et nos cedamus amori.August.I went to Crassy, and staid two days.

<langUsage><langUsage><langUsage> (language usage) describes the languages, sublanguages, registers, dialects, etc. represented within a text. ModuleheaderAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.declarable (@default) Used by model.profileDescPartMay containheader: language Declaration element langUsage { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.declarable.attributes, language+ }ExampleQuébecoisCanadian business EnglishBritish English

<language><language>@ident@usage<language> characterizes a single language or sublanguage used within a text. ModuleheaderAttributesIn addition to global attributes

ident(identifier) Supplies a language code constructed as defined in BCP 47 which is used to identify the language documented by this element, and which is referenced by the global xml:lang attribute.

Status RequiredDatatype xsd:language

usagespecifies the approximate percentage (by volume) of the text which uses this language. Status OptionalDatatype xsd:nonNegativeInteger { maxInclusive = "100" }Values a whole number between 0 and 100

Used bylangUsage May containanalysis: interp interpGrp core: abbr address choice date emph expan foreign gap gloss index lb measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num pb ptr ref rs soCalled term time title linking: anchor tagdocs: att code gi ident val Declaration element language { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, attribute ident { xsd:language }, attribute usage { xsd:nonNegativeInteger { maxInclusive = "100" } }?, macro.phraseSeq.limited }Examplemodern American EnglishAzerbaijani in Arabic scriptPig LatinNoteParticularly for sublanguages, an informal prose characterization should be supplied as content for the element.

<lb/><lb><lb/> (line break) marks the start of a new (typographic) line in some edition or version of a text. ModulecoreAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.typed (@type, @subtype) att.sourced (@ed) Used by model.milestoneLikeMay containEmpty elementDeclaration element lb { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.typed.attributes, att.sourced.attributes, empty }ExampleIndicating typographical line breaks within metrical lines, where they occur at different places in different editions:Of Mans First Disobedience, and the FruitOf that Forbidden Tree, whose mortal tastBrought Death into the World, and all our woe,ExampleIndicating line structure of title page, display text, etc.:THE Pilgrim's Progress FROM THIS WORLD, TO That which is to come: NoteBy convention, <lb> elements should appear at the point in the text where a new line starts. The n attribute, if used, indicates the number or other value associated with the text between this point and the next <lb> element, typically the sequence number of the line within the page, or other appropriate unit. This element is intended to be used for marking actual line breaks on a manuscript or printed page, at the point where they occur; it should not be used to tag structural units such as lines of verse (for which the <l> element is available) except in circumstances where structural units cannot otherwise be marked. The type attribute may be used to characterize the linebreak in any respect, for example as word-breaking or not.

<lg><lg><lg> (line group) contains a group of verse lines functioning as a formal unit, e.g. a stanza, refrain, verse paragraph, etc. ModulecoreAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.divLike (@org, @sample, @part) att.typed (@type, @subtype) att.declaring (@decls) Used bylg sp model.divPartMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp core: gap head index l lb lg milestone note pb linking: anchor textstructure: argument byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate epigraph opener postscript salute signed trailer Declaration element lg { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.divLike.attributes, att.typed.attributes, att.declaring.attributes, ( ( model.divTop | model.global )*, ( model.lLike | lg ), ( model.lLike | lg | model.global )*, ( ( model.divBottom ), model.global* )* ) }ExampleLet me be my own foolof my own making, the sum of itis equivocal.One says of the drunken farmer:leave him lay off it. And this isthe explanation.Notecontains verse lines or nested line groups only, possibly prefixed by a heading.

<list><list>@type<list> (list) contains any sequence of items organized as a list. ModulecoreAttributesIn addition to global attributes

typedescribes the form of the list.

Status OptionalDatatype xsd:NameSuggested values include:orderedlist items are numbered or lettered. bulletedlist items are marked with a bullet or other typographic device. simplelist items are not numbered or bulleted. [Default]glosseach list item glosses some term or concept, which is given by a label element preceding the list item.NoteThe formal syntax of the element declarations allows <label> tags to be omitted from lists tagged <list type="gloss">; this is however a semantic error.

Used bykeywords revisionDesc model.listLikeMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp core: gap head index item label lb milestone note pb linking: anchor textstructure: argument byline closer dateline docAuthor docDate epigraph opener postscript salute signed trailer Declaration element list { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, attribute type { "ordered" | "bulleted" | "simple" | "gloss" | xsd:Name }?, ( ( ( model.divTop ) | ( model.global ) )*, ( ( item, model.global* )+ | ( ( label, model.global*, item, model.global* )+ ) ), ( ( model.divBottom ), model.global* )* ) }Examplea butchera bakera candlestick maker, with rings on his fingersbells on his toesExampleThe following example treats the short numbered clauses of Anglo-Saxon legal codes as lists of items. The text is from an ordinance of King Athelstan (924–939):Athelstan's OrdinanceConcerning thieves. First, that no thief is to be spared who is caught with the stolen goods, [if he is] over twelve years and [if the value of the goods is] over eightpence. And if anyone does spare one, he is to pay for the thief with his wergild — and the thief is to be no nearer a settlement on that account — or to clear himself by an oath of that amount.If, however, he [the thief] wishes to defend himself or to escape, he is not to be spared [whether younger or older than twelve].If a thief is put into prison, he is to be in prison 40 days, and he may then be redeemed with 120 shillings; and the kindred are to stand surety for him that he will desist for ever.And if he steals after that, they are to pay for him with his wergild, or to bring him back there.And if he steals after that, they are to pay for him with his wergild, whether to the king or to him to whom it rightly belongs; and everyone of those who supported him is to pay 120 shillings to the king as a fine.Concerning lordless men. And we pronounced about these lordless men, from whom no justice can be obtained, that one should order their kindred to fetch back such a person to justice and to find him a lord in public meeting. And if they then will not, or cannot, produce him on that appointed day, he is then to be a fugitive afterwards, and he who encounters him is to strike him down as a thief.And he who harbours him after that, is to pay for him with his wergild or to clear himself by an oath of that amount.Concerning the refusal of justice. The lord who refuses justice and upholds his guilty man, so that the king is appealed to, is to repay the value of the goods and 120 shillings to the king; and he who appeals to the king before he demands justice as often as he ought, is to pay the same fine as the other would have done, if he had refused him justice. And the lord who is an accessory to a theft by his slave, and it becomes known about him, is to forfeit the slave and be liable to his wergild on the first occasionp if he does it more often, he is to be liable to pay all that he owns.And likewise any of the king's treasurers or of our reeves, who has been an accessory of thieves who have committed theft, is to liable to the same.Concerning treachery to a lord. And we have pronounced concerning treachery to a lord, that he [who is accused] is to forfeit his life if he cannot deny it or is afterwards convicted at the three-fold ordeal.Note that nested lists have been used so the tagging mirrors the structure indicated by the two-level numbering of the clauses. The clauses could have been treated as a one-level list with irregular numbering, if desired.Example

These decrees, most blessed Pope Hadrian, we propounded in the public council ... and they confirmed them in our hand in your stead with the sign of the Holy Cross, and afterwards inscribed with a careful pen on the paper of this page, affixing thus the sign of the Holy Cross. I, Eanbald, by the grace of God archbishop of the holy church of York, have subscribed to the pious and catholic validity of this document with the sign of the Holy Cross.I, Ælfwold, king of the people across the Humber, consenting have subscribed with the sign of the Holy Cross.I, Tilberht, prelate of the church of Hexham, rejoicing have subscribed with the sign of the Holy Cross.I, Higbald, bishop of the church of Lindisfarne, obeying have subscribed with the sign of the Holy Cross.I, Ethelbert, bishop of Candida Casa, suppliant, have subscribed with thef sign of the Holy Cross.I, Ealdwulf, bishop of the church of Mayo, have subscribed with devout will.I, Æthelwine, bishop, have subscribed through delegates.I, Sicga, patrician, have subscribed with serene mind with the sign of the Holy Cross.

NoteMay contain an optional heading followed by a series of items, or a series of label and item pairs, the latter being optionally preceded by one or two specialized headings.

<listBibl><listBibl><listBibl> (citation list) contains a list of bibliographic citations of any kind. ModulecoreAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.declarable (@default) att.typed (@type, @subtype) Used bylistBibl model.listLike model.msItemPartMay containcore: bibl head lb listBibl milestone pb header: biblFull linking: anchor Declaration element listBibl { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.declarable.attributes, att.typed.attributes, ( model.headLike*, ( model.biblLike | model.milestoneLike | listBibl )+ ) }ExampleWorks consultedBlain, Clements and Grundy: Feminist Companion to Literature in English (Yale, 1990) The Interesting story of the Children in the WoodThe Penny HistoriesVictor E NeubergOUP1968

<measureGrp><measureGrp><measureGrp> (measure group) contains a group of dimensional specifications which relate to the same object, for example the height and width of a manuscript page. ModulecoreAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.measurement (@unit, @quantity, @commodity) att.typed (@type, @subtype) Used by model.measureLikeMay containcore: measureGrp num Declaration element measureGrp { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.measurement.attributes, att.typed.attributes, ( text | model.gLike | model.measureLike )* }Example157-160

<mentioned><mentioned><mentioned> marks words or phrases mentioned, not used. ModulecoreAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed by model.emphLikeMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address choice corr date del emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index lb measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr ref reg rs sic soCalled term time title unclear figures: formula linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code gi ident val Declaration element mentioned { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, macro.phraseSeq }ExampleThere is thus a striking accentual difference between a verbal form like eluthemenwe were released, accented on the second syllable of the word, and its participial derivative lutheisreleased, accented on the last.

<milestone/><milestone>@unit<milestone/> marks a boundary point separating any kind of section of a text, typically but not necessarily indicating a point at which some part of a standard reference system changes, where the change is not represented by a structural element. ModulecoreAttributesIn addition to global attributes and those inherited from att.typed (@type, @subtype) att.sourced (@ed)

unitprovides a conventional name for the kind of section changing at this milestone.

Status RequiredDatatype xsd:NameSuggested values include:pagephysical page breaks (synonymous with the <pb> element).columncolumn breaks.lineline breaks (synonymous with the <lb> element).bookany units termed book, liber, etc.poemindividual poems in a collection.cantocantos or other major sections of a poem.speakerchanges of speaker or narrator.stanzastanzas within a poem, book, or canto.actacts within a play.scenescenes within a play or act.sectionsections of any kind.absentpassages not present in the reference edition.unnumberedpassages present in the text, but not to be included as part of the reference.NoteIf the milestone marks the beginning of a piece of text not present in the reference edition, the special value absent may be used as the value of unit. The normal interpretation is that the reference edition does not contain the text which follows, until the next <milestone> tag for the edition in question is encountered.In addition to the values suggested, other terms may be appropriate (e.g. Stephanus for the Stephanus numbers in Plato).

Used by model.milestoneLikeMay containEmpty elementDeclaration element milestone { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.typed.attributes, att.sourced.attributes, attribute unit { "page" | "column" | "line" | "book" | "poem" | "canto" | "speaker" | "stanza" | "act" | "scene" | "section" | "absent" | "unnumbered" | xsd:Name }, empty }Example ... ...NoteFor this element, the global n attribute indicates the new number or other value for the unit which changes at this milestone. The special value unnumbered should be used in passages which fall outside the normal numbering scheme, such as chapter or other headings, poem numbers or titles, etc.The order in which milestone elements are given at a given point is not normally significant.

<name><name><name> (name, proper noun) contains a proper noun or noun phrase. ModulecoreAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.naming (@nymRef) (att.canonical (@key, @ref)) att.typed (@type, @subtype) Used by model.nameLike.agentMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address choice corr date del emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index lb measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr ref reg rs sic soCalled term time title unclear figures: formula linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code gi ident val Declaration element name { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.naming.attributes, att.typed.attributes, macro.phraseSeq }ExampleThomas HoccleveVillingaholtVetus Latina InstitutOccleveNoteProper nouns referring to people, places, and organizations may be tagged instead with <persName>, <placeName>, or <orgName>, when the TEI module for names and dates is included.

<note><note>@type@resp@anchored@target@targetEnd<note> contains a note or annotation. ModulecoreAttributesIn addition to global attributes and those inherited from att.placement (@place)

typedescribes the type of note.

Status OptionalDatatype xsd:NameValues Values can be taken from any convenient typology of annotation suitable to the work in hand; e.g. annotation, gloss, citation, digression, preliminary, temporary

resp (responsible party) indicates who is responsible for the annotation: author, editor, translator, etc.Status Required when applicableDatatype xsd:anyURIValues a pointer to one of the identifiers declared in the document header, associated with a person asserted as responsible for some aspect of the text's creation, transcription, editing, encoding, or annotationNoteFor specialized types of editorial annotation (e.g. for marking corrections, normalizations, cruxes, etc.), see chapter .

anchoredindicates whether the copy text shows the exact place of reference for the note.Status OptionalDatatype xsd:booleanNoteIn modern texts, notes are usually anchored by means of explicit footnote or endnote symbols. An explicit indication of the phrase or line annotated may however be used instead (e.g. page 218, lines 3–4). The anchored attribute indicates whether any explicit location is given, whether by symbol or by prose cross-reference. The value true indicates that such an explicit location is indicated in the copy text; the value false indicates that the copy text does not indicate a specific place of attachment for the note. If the specific symbols used in the copy text at the location the note is anchored are to be recorded, use the n attribute.

targetindicates the point (or points) of attachment for a note, or the beginning of the span to which the note is attached.Status Required when applicableDatatype 1–∞ occurrences of xsd:anyURIseparated by whitespaceValues reference to the xml:ids of element(s) which begin at the location in question (e.g. the xml:id of an <anchor> element).NoteIf target and targetEnd are to be used to indicate where notes attach to the text, then elements at the appropriate locations (<anchor> elements if necessary) must be given xml:id values to be pointed at.

targetEndpoints to the end of the span to which the note is attached, if the note is not embedded in the text at that point.Status Required when applicableDatatype 1–∞ occurrences of xsd:anyURIseparated by whitespaceValues reference to the xml:id(s) of element(s) which end at the location(s) in question, or to an empty element at the point in question.NoteThis attribute is retained for backwards compatibility; it may be removed at a subsequent release of the Guidelines. The recommended way of pointing to a span of elements is by means of the range function of XPointer, as further described in .

Used by model.noteLikeMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address bibl choice cit corr date del desc emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig p pb ptr q quote ref reg rs said sic soCalled sp stage term time title unclear figures: figure formula table header: biblFull linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code eg gi ident val Declaration element note { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.placement.attributes, attribute type { xsd:Name }?, attribute resp { xsd:anyURI }?, attribute anchored { xsd:boolean }?, attribute target { list { xsd:anyURI+ } }?, attribute targetEnd { list { xsd:anyURI+ } }?, macro.specialPara }ExampleAnd yet it is not only in the great line of Italian renaissance art, but even in the painterly Malerisch. This word has, in the German, two distinct meanings, one objective, a quality residing in the object, the other subjective, a mode of apprehension and creation. To avoid confusion, they have been distinguished in English as picturesque and painterly respectively. (Tr.) style of the Dutch genre painters of the seventeenth century that drapery has this psychological significance. NoteThe global n attribute may be used to supply the symbol or number used to mark the note's point of attachment in the source text, as in the following example: Mevorakh b. Saadya's mother, the matriarch of the family during the second half of the eleventh century, The alleged mention of Judah Nagid's mother in a letter from 1071 is, in fact, a reference to Judah's children; cf. above, nn. 111 and 54. is well known from Geniza documents published by Jacob Mann. However, if notes are numbered in sequence and their numbering can be reconstructed automatically by processing software, it may well be considered unnecessary to record the note numbers.

<notesStmt><notesStmt><notesStmt> (notes statement) collects together any notes providing information about a text additional to that recorded in other parts of the bibliographic description. ModuleheaderAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed bybiblFull fileDesc May containcore: note Declaration element notesStmt { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, model.noteLike+ }ExampleHistorical commentary provided by Mark CohenOCR scanning done at University of TorontoNoteInformation of different kinds should not be grouped together into the same note.

<num><num>@type@value<num> (number) contains a number, written in any form. ModulecoreAttributesIn addition to global attributes

typeindicates the type of numeric value.

Status OptionalDatatype xsd:NameSuggested values include:cardinalabsolute number, e.g. 21, 21.5ordinalordinal number, e.g. 21stfractionfraction, e.g. one half or three-quarterspercentagea percentageNoteIf a different typology is desired, other values can be used for this attribute.

valuesupplies the value of the number in standard form.Status OptionalDatatype xsd:double | xsd:decimalValues a numeric value.NoteThe standard form used is defined by the TEI datatype data.numeric.

Used by model.measureLikeMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address choice corr date del emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index lb measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr ref reg rs sic soCalled term time title unclear figures: formula linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code gi ident val Declaration element num { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, attribute type { "cardinal" | "ordinal" | "fraction" | "percentage" | xsd:Name }?, attribute value { xsd:double | xsd:decimal }?, macro.phraseSeq }Example

I reached twenty-one on my twenty-first birthday... light travels at 1010 cm per second.

NoteDetailed analyses of quantities and units of measure in historical documents may also use the feature structure mechanism described in chapter . The <num> element is intended for use in simple applications.

<opener><opener><opener> groups together dateline, byline, salutation, and similar phrases appearing as a preliminary group at the start of a division, especially of a letter. ModuletextstructureAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed by model.divTopPartMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address choice corr date del emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index lb measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr ref reg rs sic soCalled term time title unclear figures: formula linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code gi ident val textstructure: argument byline dateline epigraph salute signed Declaration element opener { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, ( text | model.gLike | model.phrase | argument | byline | dateline | epigraph | salute | signed | model.global )* }ExampleWalden, this 29. of August 1592ExampleGreat Marlborough StreetNovember 11, 1848My dear Sir,

I am sorry to say that absence from town and other circumstances have prevented me from earlier enquiring...

<orig><orig><orig> (original form) contains a reading which is marked as following the original, rather than being normalized or corrected. ModulecoreAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed by model.pPart.transcriptional model.choicePartMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address bibl choice cit corr date del desc emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index label lb list listBibl measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear figures: figure formula table header: biblFull linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code eg gi ident val Declaration element orig { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, macro.paraContent }ExampleIf all that is desired is to call attention to the original version in the copy text, <orig> may be used alone:But this will be a meere confusionAnd hardly shall we all be vnderstoodeExampleMore usually, an <orig> will be combined with a regularized form within a <choice> element:But this will be a meeremere confusionAnd hardly shall we all be vnderstoodeunderstood

<p><p><p> (paragraph) marks paragraphs in prose. ModulecoreAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.declaring (@decls) Used by model.pLikeMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address bibl choice cit corr date del desc emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index label lb list listBibl measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear figures: figure formula table header: biblFull linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code eg gi ident val Declaration element p { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.declaring.attributes, macro.paraContent }Example

Hallgerd was outside. There is blood on your axe, she said. What have you done?

I have now arranged that you can be married a second time, replied Thjostolf.

Then you must mean that Thorvald is dead, she said.

Yes, said Thjostolf. And now you must think up some plan for me.

<pb/><pb><pb/> (page break) marks the boundary between one page of a text and the next in a standard reference system. ModulecoreAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.typed (@type, @subtype) att.sourced (@ed) Used by model.milestoneLikeMay containEmpty elementDeclaration element pb { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.typed.attributes, att.sourced.attributes, empty }ExamplePage numbers may vary in different editions of a text.

... ... ...

ExampleA page break may be associated with a facsimile image of the page it introduces by means of the facs attributeNoteBy convention, <pb> elements should appear at the start of the page to which they refer. The global n attribute indicates the number or other value associated with the page which follows. This will normally be the page number or signature printed on it, since the physical sequence number is implicit in the presence of the <pb> element itself. The type attribute may be used to characterize the page break in any respect, for example as word-breaking or not.

<postscript><postscript><postscript> contains a postscript, e.g. to a letter. ModuletextstructureAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed by model.divBottomPartMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp core: bibl cit desc gap index l label lb lg list listBibl milestone note p pb q quote said sp stage figures: figure table header: biblFull linking: anchor tagdocs: eg Declaration element postscript { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, ( ( model.common ) | ( model.global ) )* }Example

Rimaone21 Nov 06Dear Susan,

Thank you very much for the assistance splitting those logs. I'm sorry about the misunderstanding as to the size of the task. I really was not asking for help, only to borrow the axe. Hope you had fun in any case.

Sincerely yours,SeymourP.S.

The collision occured on 06 Jul 01.

<principal><principal><principal> (principal researcher) supplies the name of the principal researcher responsible for the creation of an electronic text. ModuleheaderAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed by model.respLikeMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp core: abbr address choice date emph expan foreign gap gloss index lb measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num pb ptr ref rs soCalled term time title linking: anchor tagdocs: att code gi ident val Declaration element principal { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, macro.phraseSeq.limited }ExampleGary Taylor

<profileDesc><profileDesc><profileDesc> (text-profile description) provides a detailed description of non-bibliographic aspects of a text, specifically the languages and sublanguages used, the situation in which it was produced, the participants and their setting. ModuleheaderAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed by model.headerPartMay containheader: creation langUsage textClass Declaration element profileDesc { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, ( creation?, model.profileDescPart* ) }ExampleFrenchprint; part issuesParis, FranceLate 19th century

<projectDesc><projectDesc><projectDesc> (project description) describes in detail the aim or purpose for which an electronic file was encoded, together with any other relevant information concerning the process by which it was assembled or collected. ModuleheaderAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.declarable (@default) Used by model.encodingPartMay containcore: p Declaration element projectDesc { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.declarable.attributes, model.pLike+ }Example

Texts collected for use in the Claremont Shakespeare Clinic, June 1990

<ptr/><ptr>@target@cRef<ptr/> (pointer) defines a pointer to another location. ModulecoreAttributesIn addition to global attributes and those inherited from att.pointing (@type, @evaluate) att.declaring (@decls)

targetspecifies the destination of the pointer by supplying one or more URI References

Status RequiredDatatype 1–∞ occurrences of xsd:anyURIseparated by whitespaceValues One or more syntactically valid URI references, separated by whitespace. Because whitespace is used to separate URIs, no whitespace is permitted inside a single URI. If a whitespace character is required in a URI, it should be escaped with the normal mechanism, e.g. TEI%20Consortium.

cRef(canonical reference) specifies the destination of the pointer by supplying a canonical reference from a scheme defined in a <refsDecl> element in the TEI headerStatus RequiredDatatype 1–∞ occurrences of token { pattern = "(\p{L}|\p{N}|\p{P}|\p{S})+" }separated by whitespaceValues the result of applying the algorithm for the resolution of canonical references (described in section ) should be a valid URI reference to the intended targetNoteThe <refsDecl> to use may be indicated with the decls attribute.Currently these Guidelines only provide for a single canonical reference to be encoded on any given <ptr> element.

Used by model.ptrLikeMay containEmpty elementDeclaration element ptr { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.pointing.attributes, att.declaring.attributes, ( attribute target { list { xsd:anyURI+ } } | attribute cRef { list { token { pattern = "(\p{L}|\p{N}|\p{P}|\p{S})+" }+ } } ), empty }ExampleNoteThe target and cRef attributes are mutually exclusive.

<pubPlace><pubPlace><pubPlace> (publication place) contains the name of the place where a bibliographic item was published. ModulecoreAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.naming (@nymRef) (att.canonical (@key, @ref)) Used bydocImprint model.imprintPart model.publicationStmtPartMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address choice corr date del emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index lb measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr ref reg rs sic soCalled term time title unclear figures: formula linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code gi ident val Declaration element pubPlace { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.naming.attributes, macro.phraseSeq }ExampleOxford University PressOxford1989

<publicationStmt><publicationStmt><publicationStmt> (publication statement) groups information concerning the publication or distribution of an electronic or other text. ModuleheaderAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed bybiblFull fileDesc May containcore: address date p pubPlace publisher header: authority availability distributor idno Declaration element publicationStmt { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, ( model.pLike+ | model.publicationStmtPart+ ) }ExampleC. Muquardt Bruxelles & LeipzigExampleChadwyck HealeyCambridge

Available under licence only

1992NoteAlthough not enforced by the schemas, it is a requirement for TEI conformance that information about publication place, address, identifier, availability, and date be given in that order, following the name of the publisher, distributor, or authority concerned

<publisher><publisher><publisher> provides the name of the organization responsible for the publication or distribution of a bibliographic item. ModulecoreAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed bydocImprint model.imprintPart model.publicationStmtPartMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address choice corr date del emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index lb measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr ref reg rs sic soCalled term time title unclear figures: formula linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code gi ident val Declaration element publisher { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, macro.phraseSeq }ExampleOxfordClarendon Press1987NoteUse the full form of the name by which a company is usually referred to, rather than any abbreviation of it which may appear on a title page

<q><q>@type<q> (separated from the surrounding text with quotation marks) contains material which is marked as (ostensibly) being somehow different than the surrounding text, for any one of a variety of reasons including, but not limited to: direct speech or thought, technical terms or jargon, authorial distance, quotations from elsewhere, and passages that are mentioned but not used. ModulecoreAttributesIn addition to global attributes and those inherited from att.ascribed (@who)

typemay be used to indicate whether the offset passage is spoken or thought, or to characterize it more finely.

Status Required when applicableDatatype xsd:NameSuggested values include:spokenrepresentation of speechthoughtrepresentation of thought, e.g. internal monologuewrittenquotation from a written sourcesoCalledauthorial distanceforeign(foreign words) distinct(linguistically distinct) term(technical term) emph(rhetorically emphasized) mentionedrefering to itself, not its normal referant

Used by model.qLikeMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address bibl choice cit corr date del desc emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig p pb ptr q quote ref reg rs said sic soCalled sp stage term time title unclear figures: figure formula table header: biblFull linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code eg gi ident val Declaration element q { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.ascribed.attributes, attribute type { "spoken" | "thought" | "written" | "soCalled" | "foreign" | "distinct" | "term" | "emph" | "mentioned" | xsd:Name }?, macro.specialPara }ExampleIt is spelled Tübingen — to enter the letter u with an umlaut hold down the option key and press 0 0 f cNoteMay be used to indicate that a passage is distinguished from the surrounding text by quotation marks for reasons concerning which no claim is made. When used in this manner, <q> may be thought of as syntactic sugar for <hi> with a value of rend that indicates the use of quotation marks.

<quote><quote><quote> (quotation) contains a phrase or passage attributed by the narrator or author to some agency external to the text. ModulecoreAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.typed (@type, @subtype) Used by model.quoteLikeMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address bibl choice cit corr date del desc emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig p pb ptr q quote ref reg rs said sic soCalled sp stage term time title unclear figures: figure formula table header: biblFull linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code eg gi ident val Declaration element quote { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.typed.attributes, macro.specialPara }ExampleLexicography has shown little sign of being affected by the work of followers of J.R. Firth, probably best summarized in his slogan, You shall know a word by the company it keeps(Firth, 1957)NoteIf a bibliographic citation is supplied for the source of a quotation, the two may be grouped using the <cit> element.

<ref><ref>@target@cRef<ref> (reference) defines a reference to another location, possibly modified by additional text or comment. ModulecoreAttributesIn addition to global attributes and those inherited from att.pointing (@type, @evaluate) att.declaring (@decls)

targetspecifies the destination of the reference by supplying one or more URI References

Status OptionalDatatype 1–∞ occurrences of xsd:anyURIseparated by whitespaceValues One or more syntactically valid URI references, separated by whitespace. Because whitespace is used to separate URIs, no whitespace is permitted inside a single URI. If a whitespace character is required in a URI, it should be escaped with the normal mechanism, e.g. TEI%20Consortium.

cRef(canonical reference) specifies the destination of the reference by supplying a canonical reference from a scheme defined in a <refsDecl> element in the TEI headerStatus OptionalDatatype 1–∞ occurrences of token { pattern = "(\p{L}|\p{N}|\p{P}|\p{S})+" }separated by whitespaceValues the result of applying the algorithm for the resolution of canonical references (described in section ) should be a valid URI reference to the intended targetNoteThe <refsDecl> to use may be indicated with the decls attribute.Currently these Guidelines only provide for a single canonical reference to be encoded on any given <ref> element.

Used by model.ptrLikeMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address bibl choice cit corr date del desc emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index label lb list listBibl measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear figures: figure formula table header: biblFull linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code eg gi ident val Declaration element ref { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.pointing.attributes, att.declaring.attributes, ( attribute target { list { xsd:anyURI+ } }? | attribute cRef { list { token { pattern = "(\p{L}|\p{N}|\p{P}|\p{S})+" }+ } }? ), macro.paraContent }Example See especially the second sentence See also s.v. locution.>NoteThe target and cRef attributes are mutually exclusive.

<refState/><refState>@unit@length@delim<refState/> (reference state) specifies one component of a canonical reference defined by the milestone method. ModuleheaderAttributesIn addition to global attributes and those inherited from att.sourced (@ed)

unitindicates what kind of state is changing at this milestone.

Status RequiredDatatype xsd:NameSuggested values include:pagepage breaks in the reference edition. columncolumn breaks. lineline breaks. bookany units termed book, liber, etc. poemindividual poems in a collection. cantocantos or other major sections of a poem. stanzastanzas within a poem, book, or canto. actacts within a play. scenescenes within a play or act. sectionsections of any kind. absentpassages not present in the reference edition.

lengthspecifies the fixed length of the reference component.Status OptionalDatatype xsd:nonNegativeIntegerValues Should be a positive integer; if no value is provided, the length is unlimited and goes to the next delimiter or to the end of the value.NoteWhen constructing a reference, if the reference component found is of numeric type, the length is made up by inserting leading zeros; if it is not, by inserting trailing blanks. In either case, reference components are truncated if necessary at the right hand side. When seeking a reference, the length indicates the number of characters which should be compared. Values longer than this will be regarded as matching, if they start correctly.

delim(delimiter) supplies a delimiting string following the reference component.Status OptionalDatatype textValues If a single space is used it is interpreted as whitespace.

Used byrefsDecl May containEmpty elementDeclaration element refState { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.sourced.attributes, attribute unit { "page" | "column" | "line" | "book" | "poem" | "canto" | "stanza" | "act" | "scene" | "section" | "absent" | xsd:Name }, attribute length { xsd:nonNegativeInteger }?, attribute delim { text }?, empty }Example

<refsDecl><refsDecl><refsDecl> (references declaration) specifies how canonical references are constructed for this text. ModuleheaderAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.declarable (@default) Used by model.encodingPartMay containcore: p header: cRefPattern refState Declaration element refsDecl { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.declarable.attributes, ( model.pLike+ | cRefPattern+ | refState+ ) }ExampleThis example is a formal representation for the referencing scheme described informally in the following example.Example

References are made up by concatenating the value for the n attribute on the highest level div element, followed by a space, followed by the sequential number of the next level div followed by a colon followed by the sequential number of the next (and lowest) level div.

<reg><reg><reg> (regularization) contains a reading which has been regularized or normalized in some sense. ModulecoreAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.editLike (@cert, @resp, @evidence, @source) (att.dimensions (@unit, @quantity, @extent, @atLeast, @atMost, @min, @max, @precision, @scope)) att.typed (@type, @subtype) Used by model.pPart.transcriptional model.choicePartMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address bibl choice cit corr date del desc emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index label lb list listBibl measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear figures: figure formula table header: biblFull linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code eg gi ident val Declaration element reg { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.editLike.attributes, att.typed.attributes, macro.paraContent }ExampleIf all that is desired is to call attention to the fact that the copy text has been regularized, <reg> may be used alone:Please knock if an answer is requiredExampleIt is also possible to identify the individual responsible for the regularization, and, using the <choice> and <orig> elements, to provide both the original and regularized readings:Please knockcnk if an answernsr is requiredreqd

<relatedItem><relatedItem><relatedItem> contains or references some other bibliographic item which is related to the present one in some specified manner, for example as a constituent or alternative version of it.ModulecoreAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.typed (@type, @subtype) Used by model.biblPartMay containcore: bibl ptr ref header: biblFull Declaration element relatedItem { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.typed.attributes, ( model.biblLike | model.ptrLike ) }ExampleShirley, JamesThe gentlemen of VeniceNew YorkReadex Microprint19531 microprint card, 23 x 15 cm.Three centuries of drama: English, 1642–1700Shirley, JamesThe gentlemen of Venicea tragi-comedie presented at the private house in Salisbury Court by Her Majesties servantsLondonH. Moseley165578 p.

<resp><resp><resp> (responsibility) contains a phrase describing the nature of a person's intellectual responsibility. ModulecoreAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.canonical (@key, @ref) Used byrespStmt May containanalysis: interp interpGrp core: abbr address choice date emph expan foreign gap gloss index lb measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num pb ptr ref rs soCalled term time title linking: anchor tagdocs: att code gi ident val Declaration element resp { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.canonical.attributes, macro.phraseSeq.limited }ExamplecompilerEdward ChildNoteThe attributes key or ref, inherited from the class att.canonical may be used to indicate the kind of responsibility in a normalised form, by referring directly (using ref) or indirectly (using key) to a standardised list of responsibility types, such as that maintained by a naming authority, for example the list maintained at for bibliographic usage.

<respStmt><respStmt><respStmt> (statement of responsibility) supplies a statement of responsibility for the intellectual content of a text, edition, recording, or series, where the specialized elements for authors, editors, etc. do not suffice or do not apply. ModulecoreAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed byeditionStmt seriesStmt model.respLikeMay containcore: name resp Declaration element respStmt { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, ( ( resp+, model.nameLike.agent+ ) | ( model.nameLike.agent+, resp+ ) ) }Exampletranscribed from original msClaus HuitfeldtExampleconverted to SGML encodingAlan Morrison

<revisionDesc><revisionDesc><revisionDesc> (revision description) summarizes the revision history for a file. ModuleheaderAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed byteiHeader May containcore: list header: change Declaration element revisionDesc { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, ( list | change+ ) }Example EMB deleted chapter 10 NoteRecord changes with most recent changes at the top of the list.

<row><row><row> contains one row of a table. ModulefiguresAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.tableDecoration (@role, @rows, @cols) Used bytable May containfigures: cell Declaration element row { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.tableDecoration.attributes, cell+ }ExampleClassicsIdle listless and unimproving

<rs><rs>@type<rs> (referencing string) contains a general purpose name or referring string. ModulecoreAttributesIn addition to global attributes and those inherited from att.naming (@nymRef) (att.canonical (@key, @ref))

typeindicates more specifically the object referred to by the referencing string. Values might include person, place, ship, element etc.

Status Mandatory when applicableDatatype xsd:NameValues Any string of characters.

Used by model.nameLikeMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address choice corr date del emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index lb measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr ref reg rs sic soCalled term time title unclear figures: formula linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code gi ident val Declaration element rs { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.naming.attributes, attribute type { xsd:Name }?, macro.phraseSeq }ExampleMy dear Mr. Bennet, said his lady to him one day, have you heard that Netherfield Park is let at last?

<s><s><s> (s-unit) contains a sentence-like division of a text. ModuleanalysisAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.segLike (@function, @part) att.typed (@type, @subtype) Used by model.segLikeMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address choice corr date del emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index lb measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr ref reg rs sic soCalled term time title unclear figures: formula linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code gi ident val Declaration element s { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.segLike.attributes, att.typed.attributes, macro.phraseSeq }Example~~A short affairWhen are you leaving?Tomorrow.~~NoteThe <s> element may be used to mark orthographic sentences, or any other segmentation of a text, provided that the segmentation is end-to-end, complete, and non-nesting. For segmentation which is partial or recursive, the <seg> should be used instead. The type attribute may be used to indicate the type of segmentation intended, according to any convenient typology.

<said><said>@aloud@direct<said> (speech or thought) indicates passages thought or spoken aloud, whether explicitly indicated in the source or not, whether directly or indirectly reported, whether by real people or fictional characters. ModulecoreAttributesIn addition to global attributes and those inherited from att.ascribed (@who)

aloudmay be used to indicate whether the quoted matter is regarded as having been vocalized or signed.

Status Required when applicableDatatype xsd:boolean | "unknown" | "inapplicable"NoteThe value true indicates the encoded passage was expressed outwardly (whether spoken, signed, sung, screamed, chanted, etc.); the value false indicates that the encoded passage was thought, but not outwardly expressed.

directmay be used to indicate whether the quoted matter is regarded as direct or indirect speech.Status Required when applicableDatatype xsd:boolean | "unknown" | "inapplicable"NoteThe value true indicates the speech or thought is represented directly; the value false that speech or thought is represented indirectly, e.g. by use of a marked verbal aspect.

Our minstrel here will warm the old man's heart with song, dazzle him with jewels and gold, a troublemaker simpered. He'll trample on the Duke's camellias, spill his wine, and blunt his sword, and say his name begins with X, and in the end the Duke will say, Take Saralinda, with my blessing, O lordly Prince of Rags and Tags, O rider of the sun!

Example

Hmmm, said a small voice in his ear. Difficult. Very difficult. Plenty of courage, I see. Not a bad mind either. there's talent, oh my goodness, yes — and a nice thirst to prove yourself, now that's interesting. … So where shall I put you?

Harry gripped the edges of the stool and thought, Not Slytherin, not Slytherin.

<salute><salute><salute> (salutation) contains a salutation or greeting prefixed to a foreword, dedicatory epistle, or other division of a text, or the salutation in the closing of a letter, preface, etc. ModuletextstructureAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed bycloser opener model.divTopPartMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address choice corr date del emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index lb measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr ref reg rs sic soCalled term time title unclear figures: formula linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code gi ident val Declaration element salute { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, macro.phraseSeq }ExampleTo all courteous mindes, that will voutchsafe the readinge.

<samplingDecl><samplingDecl><samplingDecl> (sampling declaration) contains a prose description of the rationale and methods used in sampling texts in the creation of a corpus or collection. ModuleheaderAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.declarable (@default) Used by model.encodingPartMay containcore: p Declaration element samplingDecl { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.declarable.attributes, model.pLike+ }Example

Samples of up to 2000 words taken at random from the beginning, middle, or end of each text identified as relevant by respondents.

NoteThis element records all information about systematic inclusion or omission of portions of the text, whether a reflection of sampling procedures in the pure sense or of systematic omission of material deemed either too difficult to transcribe or not of sufficient interest.

<seg><seg><seg> (arbitrary segment) represents any segmentation of text below the chunk level. ModulelinkingAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.segLike (@function, @part) att.typed (@type, @subtype) Used by model.segLike model.choicePartMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address bibl choice cit corr date del desc emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index label lb list listBibl measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear figures: figure formula table header: biblFull linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code eg gi ident val Declaration element seg { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.segLike.attributes, att.typed.attributes, macro.paraContent }ExampleWhen are you leaving?Tomorrow.Example~~So father's only glory was the ballfield.~~ ExampleSigmund, the son of Volsung, was a king in Frankish country.Sinfiotli was the eldest of his sons ...Borghild, Sigmund's wife, had a brother ... NoteThe <seg> element may be used at the encoder's discretion to mark any segments of the text of interest for processing. One use of the element is to mark text features for which no appropriate markup is otherwise defined. Another use is to provide an identifier for some segment which is to be pointed at by some other element — i.e. to provide a target, or a part of a target, for a <ptr> or other similar element.

<seriesStmt><seriesStmt><seriesStmt> (series statement) groups information about the series, if any, to which a publication belongs. ModuleheaderAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed bybiblFull fileDesc May containcore: p respStmt title header: idno Declaration element seriesStmt { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, ( model.pLike+ | ( title+, ( idno | respStmt )* ) ) }ExampleMachine-Readable Texts for the Study of Indian Literatureed. byJan Gonda1.20 345 6789

<sic><sic><sic> (latin for thus or so) contains text reproduced although apparently incorrect or inaccurate. ModulecoreAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed by model.pPart.transcriptional model.choicePartMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address bibl choice cit corr date del desc emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index label lb list listBibl measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear figures: figure formula table header: biblFull linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code eg gi ident val Declaration element sic { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, macro.paraContent }Examplefor his nose was as sharp as a pen, and a Table of green fields.ExampleIf all that is desired is to call attention to the apparent problem in the copy text, <sic> may be used alone:I don't know, Juan. It's so far in the past now — how we can prove or disprove anyone's theories?ExampleIt is also possible, using the <choice> and <corr> elements, to provide a corrected reading:I don't know, Juan. It's so far in the past now — how we cancan we prove or disprove anyone's theories?Examplefor his nose was as sharp as a pen, and a Tablea' babbld of green fields.

<signed><signed><signed> (signature) contains the closing salutation, etc., appended to a foreword, dedicatory epistle, or other division of a text. ModuletextstructureAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed bycloser opener model.divBottomPartMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address choice corr date del emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index lb measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr ref reg rs sic soCalled term time title unclear figures: formula linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code gi ident val Declaration element signed { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, macro.phraseSeq }ExampleThine to command Humph. Moseley

<soCalled><soCalled><soCalled> contains a word or phrase for which the author or narrator indicates a disclaiming of responsibility, for example by the use of scare quotes or italics. ModulecoreAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed by model.emphLikeMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address choice corr date del emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index lb measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr ref reg rs sic soCalled term time title unclear figures: formula linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code gi ident val Declaration element soCalled { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, macro.phraseSeq }ExampleTo edge his way along the crowded paths of life, warning all human sympathy to keep its distance, was what the knowing ones call nuts to Scrooge.

<sourceDesc><sourceDesc><sourceDesc> (source description) describes the source from which an electronic text was derived or generated, typically a bibliographic description in the case of a digitized text, or a phrase such as "born digital" for a text which has no previous existence. ModuleheaderAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.declarable (@default) Used bybiblFull fileDesc May containcore: bibl list listBibl p header: biblFull Declaration element sourceDesc { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.declarable.attributes, ( model.pLike+ | ( model.biblLike | model.sourceDescPart | model.listLike )+ ) }ExampleThe Interesting story of the Children in the Wood. In Victor E Neuberg, The Penny Histories. OUP1968. Example

Born digital: no previous source exists.

<sp><sp><sp> (speech) An individual speech in a performance text, or a passage presented as such in a prose or verse text. ModulecoreAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.ascribed (@who) Used by model.divPartMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp core: cit gap index l lb lg milestone note p pb q quote said speaker stage linking: anchor Declaration element sp { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.ascribed.attributes, ( model.global*, ( speaker, model.global* )?, ( ( model.lLike | lg | model.pLike | model.stageLike | model.qLike ), model.global* )+ ) }ExampleThe reverend Doctor Opimiam

I do not think I have named a single unpresentable fish.

Mr Gryll

Bream, Doctor: there is not much to be said for bream.

The Reverend Doctor Opimiam

On the contrary, sir, I think there is much to be said for him. In the first place....

Fish, Miss Gryll — I could discourse to you on fish by the hour: but for the present I will forbear...

NoteThe who attribute on this element may be used either in addition to the <speaker> element or as an alternative.

<speaker><speaker><speaker> A specialized form of heading or label, giving the name of one or more speakers in a dramatic text or fragment. ModulecoreAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed bysp May containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address choice corr date del emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index lb measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr ref reg rs sic soCalled term time title unclear figures: formula linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code gi ident val Declaration element speaker { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, macro.phraseSeq }ExampleNancy and Robert(speaking simultaneously)

The future? ...

<sponsor><sponsor><sponsor> specifies the name of a sponsoring organization or institution. ModuleheaderAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed by model.respLikeMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp core: abbr address choice date emph expan foreign gap gloss index lb measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num pb ptr ref rs soCalled term time title linking: anchor tagdocs: att code gi ident val Declaration element sponsor { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, macro.phraseSeq.limited }ExampleAssociation for Computers and the HumanitiesAssociation for Computational LinguisticsAssociation for Literary and Linguistic ComputingNoteSponsors give their intellectual authority to a project; they are to be distinguished from funders, who provide the funding but do not necessarily take intellectual responsibility.

<stage><stage>@type<stage> (stage direction) contains any kind of stage direction within a dramatic text or fragment. ModulecoreAttributesIn addition to global attributes

typeindicates the kind of stage direction.

Status RecommendedDatatype xsd:NameSuggested values include:settingdescribes a setting.entrancedescribes an entrance.exitdescribes an exit.businessdescribes stage business.novelisticis a narrative, motivating stage direction.deliverydescribes how a character speaks.modifiergives some detail about a character.locationdescribes a location.mixedmore than one of the above

Used by model.stageLikeMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address bibl choice cit corr date del desc emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig p pb ptr q quote ref reg rs said sic soCalled sp stage term time title unclear figures: figure formula table header: biblFull linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code eg gi ident val Declaration element stage { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, attribute type { "setting" | "entrance" | "exit" | "business" | "novelistic" | "delivery" | "modifier" | "location" | "mixed" | xsd:Name }?, macro.specialPara }ExampleA curtain being drawn.MusicEnter Husband as being thrown off his horse.Exit pursued by a bear.He quickly takes the stone out.To Lussurioso.Having had enough, and embarrassed for the family.Disguised as Ansaldo.At a window.Aside.

<table><table>@rows@cols<table> contains text displayed in tabular form, in rows and columns. ModulefiguresAttributesIn addition to global attributes

rowsindicates the number of rows in the table.

Status OptionalDatatype xsd:nonNegativeIntegerValues If no number is supplied, an application must calculate the number of rows.NoteRows should be presented from top to bottom.

cols(columns) indicates the number of columns in each row of the table.Status OptionalDatatype xsd:nonNegativeIntegerValues If no number is supplied, an application must calculate the number of columns.NoteWithin each row, columns should be presented left to right.

Used by model.interMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp core: gap head index lb milestone note pb figures: row linking: anchor Declaration element table { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, attribute rows { xsd:nonNegativeInteger }?, attribute cols { xsd:nonNegativeInteger }?, ( ( model.headLike | model.global )*, ( row, model.global* )+ ) }ExamplePoor Men's Lodgings in Norfolk (Mayhew, 1843)Dossing Cribs or Lodging HousesBedsNeedys or Nightly LodgersBury St Edmund's58128Thetford3636Attleboro'3520Wymondham11122

NoteContains an optional heading and a series of rows.Any rendition information should be supplied using the global rend attribute, at the table, row, or cell level as appropriate.

<taxonomy><taxonomy><taxonomy> defines a typology used to classify texts either implicitly, by means of a bibliographic citation, or explicitly by a structured taxonomy. ModuleheaderAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed byclassDecl May containcore: bibl desc gloss header: biblFull category Declaration element taxonomy { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, ( model.glossLike* | category+ | ( ( model.biblLike ), category* ) ) }ExampleBrown CorpusPress ReportageDailySundayNationalProvincialPoliticalSportsReligionBooksPeriodicals and tracts

<teiCorpus><teiCorpus>@version<teiCorpus> contains the whole of a TEI encoded corpus, comprising a single corpus header and one or more TEI elements, each containing a single text header and a text. ModulecoreAttributesIn addition to global attributes

versionThe version of the TEI scheme

Status OptionalDatatype xsd:decimalValues A number identifying the version of the TEI guidelines

Used byteiCorpus May containcore: teiCorpus header: teiHeader textstructure: TEI Declaration element teiCorpus { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, attribute version { xsd:decimal }?, ( teiHeader, ( TEI | teiCorpus )+ ) }ExampleNoteMust contain one TEI header for the corpus, and a series of <TEI> elements, one for each text.This element is mandatory when applicable.

<teiHeader><teiHeader>@type<teiHeader> (TEI Header) supplies the descriptive and declarative information making up an electronic title page prefixed to every TEI-conformant text. ModuleheaderAttributesIn addition to global attributes

typespecifies the kind of document to which the header is attached, for example whether it is a corpus or individual text.

Status OptionalDatatype xsd:NameSample values include:textthe header is attached to a single text. [Default]corpusthe header is attached to a corpus.

Used byTEI teiCorpus May containheader: encodingDesc fileDesc profileDesc revisionDesc Declaration element teiHeader { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, attribute type { xsd:Name }?, ( fileDesc, model.headerPart*, revisionDesc? ) }ExampleShakespeare: the first folio (1623) in electronic formShakespeare, William (1564–1616)Originally prepared byTrevor Howard-HillRevised and edited byChristine Avern-CarrOxford Text Archive

13 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6NN, UK

119

Freely available on a non-commercial basis.

1968The first folio of Shakespeare, prepared by Charlton Hinman (The Norton Facsimile, 1968)

Originally prepared for use in the production of a series of old-spelling concordances in 1968, this text was extensively checked and revised for use during the editing of the new Oxford Shakespeare (Wells and Taylor, 1989).

Turned letters are silently corrected.

Original spelling and typography is retained, except that long s and ligatured forms are not encoded.

A reference is created by assembling the following, in the reverse order as that listed here: the n value of the preceding lba periodthe n value of the ancestor div2a spacethe n value of the parent div1

12 Apr 89 Last checked by CAC1 Mar 89 LB made new fileNoteOne of the few elements unconditionally required in any TEI document.

<term><term>@sortKey@target@cRef<term> contains a single-word, multi-word, or symbolic designation which is regarded as a technical term. ModulecoreAttributesIn addition to global attributes and those inherited from att.declaring (@decls) att.typed (@type, @subtype) att.canonical (@key, @ref)

sortKeysupplies the sort key for this term in an index.

Status OptionalDatatype token { pattern = "(\p{L}|\p{N}|\p{P}|\p{S})+" }Values any string of Unicode characters.David's other principal backer, Josiah ha-Kohen Josiah ha-Kohen b. Azarya b. Azarya, son of one of the last gaons of Sura was David's own first cousin.NoteThe sort key is used to determine the sequence and grouping of entries in an index; if this attribute is not supplied, the textual content of the element is used for this purpose.

targetidentifies the associated <gloss> element by an absolute or relative URI referenceStatus OptionalDatatype xsd:anyURIValues should be a valid URI reference that resolves to a <gloss> element

cRefidentifies the associated <gloss> element using a canonical reference from a scheme defined in a <refsDecl> element in the TEI headerStatus OptionalDatatype xsd:anyURIValues the result of applying the algorithm for the resolution of canonical references (described in section ) should be a valid URI reference that resolves to a <gloss> elementNoteThe <refsDecl> to use may be indicated with the decls attribute.

Used byindex keywords model.emphLikeMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address choice corr date del emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index lb measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr ref reg rs sic soCalled term time title unclear figures: formula linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code gi ident val Declaration element term { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.declaring.attributes, att.typed.attributes, att.canonical.attributes, attribute sortKey { token { pattern = "(\p{L}|\p{N}|\p{P}|\p{S})+" } }?, ( attribute target { xsd:anyURI }? | attribute cRef { xsd:anyURI }? ), macro.phraseSeq }ExampleA computational device that infers structure from grammatical strings of words is known as a parser, and much of the history of NLP over the last 20 years has been occupied with the design of parsers.ExampleWe may define discoursal point of view as the relationship, expressed through discourse structure, between the implied author or some other addresser, and the fiction.NoteThis element is used to supply the form under which an index entry is to be made for the location of a parent <index> element. In formal terminological work, there is frequently discussion over whether terms must be atomic or may include multi-word lexical items, symbolic designations, or phraseological units. The <term> element may be used to mark any of these. No position is taken on the philosophical issue of what a term can be; the looser definition simply allows the <term> element to be used by practitioners of any persuasion.As with other members of the att.canonical class, instances of this element occuring in a text may be associated with a canonical definition, either by means of a URI (using the ref attribute), or by means of some system-specific code value (using the key attribute). Because the mutually exclusive target and cRef attributes overlap with the function of the ref attribute, they are deprecated and may be removed at a subsequent release.

<text><text><text> contains a single text of any kind, whether unitary or composite, for example a poem or drama, a collection of essays, a novel, a dictionary, or a corpus sample. ModuletextstructureAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.declaring (@decls) att.typed (@type, @subtype) Used byTEI group May containanalysis: interp interpGrp core: gap index lb milestone note pb linking: anchor textstructure: back body front group Declaration element text { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.declaring.attributes, att.typed.attributes, ( model.global*, ( front, model.global* )?, ( body | group ), model.global*, ( back, model.global* )? ) }ExampleAutumn HazeIs it a dragonfly or a maple leafThat settles softly down upon the water?ExampleThe body of a text may be replaced by a group of nested texts, as in the following schematic:NoteThis element should not be used to represent a text which is inserted at an arbitrary point within the structure of another, for example as in an embedded or quoted narrative; the <floatingText> is provided for this purpose.

<textClass><textClass><textClass> (text classification) groups information which describes the nature or topic of a text in terms of a standard classification scheme, thesaurus, etc. ModuleheaderAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.declarable (@default) Used by model.profileDescPartMay containheader: catRef classCode keywords Declaration element textClass { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.declarable.attributes, ( classCode | catRef | keywords )* }ExampleAcademic prose001.9End of the worldHistory - philosophy

<time><time><time> contains a phrase defining a time of day in any format. ModulecoreAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.datable (att.datable.w3c (@period, @when, @notBefore, @notAfter, @from, @to)) att.editLike (@cert, @resp, @evidence, @source) (att.dimensions (@unit, @quantity, @extent, @atLeast, @atMost, @min, @max, @precision, @scope)) att.typed (@type, @subtype) Used by model.dateLikeMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address choice corr date del emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index lb measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr ref reg rs sic soCalled term time title unclear figures: formula linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code gi ident val Declaration element time { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.datable.attributes, att.editLike.attributes, att.typed.attributes, ( text | model.gLike | model.phrase | model.global )* }ExampleAs he sat smiling, the quarter struck — the quarter to twelve.

<title><title>@level@type<title> contains a title for any kind of work. ModulecoreAttributesIn addition to global attributes and those inherited from att.canonical (@key, @ref)

levelindicates the bibliographic level for a title, that is, whether it identifies an article, book, journal, series, or unpublished material.

Status Required when applicableLegal values are:a(analytic) analytic title (article, poem, or other item published as part of a larger item) m(monographic) monographic title (book, collection, or other item published as a distinct item, including single volumes of multi-volume works) j(journal) journal title s(series) series title u(unpublished) title of unpublished material (including theses and dissertations unless published by a commercial press)NoteIf the title appears directly enclosed within an<analytic> element, the level, if given, must bea; if it appears directly enclosed within a <monogr> element, level must be m, j, or u; when <title> is directly enclosed by <series>,level must be s. If it appears within a <msItem>, the level attribute should not be supplied.

typeclassifies the title according to some convenient typology.Status OptionalDatatype xsd:NameSample values include:mainmain title sub(subordinate) subtitle, title of part alt(alternate) alternate title, often in another language, by which the work is also known shortabbreviated form of titledesc(descriptive) descriptive paraphrase of the work functioning as a titleNoteThis attribute is provided for convenience in analysing titles and processing them according to their type; where such specialized processing is not necessary, there is no need for such analysis, and the entire title, including subtitles and any parallel titles, may be enclosed within a single <title> element.

Used byseriesStmt titleStmt model.emphLike model.msItemPartMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address bibl choice cit corr date del desc emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index label lb list listBibl measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear figures: figure formula table header: biblFull linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code eg gi ident val Declaration element title { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.canonical.attributes, attribute level { "a" | "m" | "j" | "s" | "u" }?, attribute type { xsd:Name }?, macro.paraContent }ExampleInformation Technology and the Research Process: Proceedings of a conference held at Cranfield Institute of Technology, UK, 18–21 July 1989ExampleHardy's Tess of the D'Urbervilles: a machine readable editionExampleLa vie mode d'emploi. Romans.Example<title type="main">Synthèsean international journal for epistemology, methodology and history of scienceNoteThe attributes key and ref, inherited from the class att.canonical may be used to indicate the canonical form for the title; the former, by supplying (for example) the identifier of a record in some external library system; the latter by pointing to an XML element somewhere containing the canonical form of the title.

<titlePage><titlePage>@type<titlePage> (title page) contains the title page of a text, appearing within the front or back matter. ModuletextstructureAttributesIn addition to global attributes

typeclassifies the title page according to any convenient typology.

Status OptionalDatatype xsd:NameValues Any string, e.g. full, half, Series, etc.NoteThis attribute allows the same element to be used for volume title pages, series title pages, etc., as well as for themain title page of a work.

Used by model.frontPartMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp core: gap graphic index lb milestone note pb figures: figure linking: anchor textstructure: byline docAuthor docDate docEdition docImprint docTitle epigraph titlePart Declaration element titlePage { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, attribute type { xsd:Name }?, ( model.global*, ( model.titlepagePart ), ( model.titlepagePart | model.global )* ) }ExampleTHOMAS OF Reading.OR, The sixe worthy yeomen of the West.Now the fourth time corrected and enlargedBy T.D.

Thou shalt labor till thou returne to duste

Printers Ornament used by TPPrinted at London for T.P.1612.

<titlePart><titlePart>@type<titlePart> contains a subsection or division of the title of a work, as indicated on a title page. ModuletextstructureAttributesIn addition to global attributes

typespecifies the role of this subdivision of the title.

Status OptionalDatatype xsd:NameSuggested values include:mainmain title of the work [Default]sub(subordinate) subtitle of the work alt(alternate) alternative title of the work shortabbreviated form of titledesc(descriptive) descriptive paraphrase of the work

Used bydocTitle model.titlepagePart model.pLike.frontMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address bibl choice cit corr date del desc emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index label lb list listBibl measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear figures: figure formula table header: biblFull linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code eg gi ident val Declaration element titlePart { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, attribute type { "main" | "sub" | "alt" | "short" | "desc" | xsd:Name }?, macro.paraContent }ExampleTHE FORTUNES AND MISFORTUNES Of the FAMOUS Moll Flanders, &c. Who was BORN in NEWGATE, And during a Life of continu'd Variety for Threescore Years, besides her Childhood, was Twelve Year a Whore, five times a Wife (wherof once to her own Brother) Twelve Year a Thief, Eight Year a Transported Felon in Virginia, at last grew Rich, liv'd Honest, and died a Penitent.

<titleStmt><titleStmt><titleStmt> (title statement) groups information about the title of a work and those responsible for its intellectual content. ModuleheaderAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed bybiblFull fileDesc May containcore: author editor respStmt title header: funder principal sponsor Declaration element titleStmt { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, ( title+, model.respLike* ) }ExampleCapgrave's Life of St. John Norbert: a machine-readable transcriptioncompiled byP.J. Lucas

<trailer><trailer><trailer> contains a closing title or footer appearing at the end of a division of a text. ModuletextstructureAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed by model.divBottomPartMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address choice corr date del emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index lb measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr ref reg rs sic soCalled term time title unclear figures: formula linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code gi ident val Declaration element trailer { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, macro.phraseSeq }ExampleExplicit pars tertia

<typeNote><typeNote><typeNote> describes a particular font or other significant typographic feature distinguished within the description of a printed resource. ModuleheaderAttributesGlobal attributes and those inherited from att.handFeatures (@scribe, @script, @medium, @scope) Used byMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address bibl choice cit corr date del desc emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index l label lb lg list listBibl measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig p pb ptr q quote ref reg rs said sic soCalled sp stage term time title unclear figures: figure formula table header: biblFull linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code eg gi ident val Declaration element typeNote { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.handFeatures.attributes, macro.specialPara }Example Printed in an Antiqua typeface showing strong Italianate influence.

<unclear><unclear>@reason@hand@agent<unclear> contains a word, phrase, or passage which cannot be transcribed with certainty because it is illegible or inaudible in the source. ModulecoreAttributesIn addition to global attributes and those inherited from att.editLike (@cert, @resp, @evidence, @source) (att.dimensions (@unit, @quantity, @extent, @atLeast, @atMost, @min, @max, @precision, @scope))

reasonindicates why the material is hard to transcribe.

Status OptionalDatatype 1–∞ occurrences of token { pattern = "(\p{L}|\p{N}|\p{P}|\p{S})+" }separated by whitespaceValues one or more words describing the difficulty, e.g. faded, background noise, passing truck, illegible, eccentric ductus.

500 mg placebo

handWhere the difficulty in transcription arises from action (partial deletion, etc.) assignable to an identifiable hand, signifies the hand responsible for the action.Status OptionalDatatype xsd:anyURIValues must be one of the hand identifiers declared in the document header (see section ).

agentWhere the difficulty in transcription arises from damage, categorizes the cause of the damage, if it can be identified.Status OptionalDatatype xsd:NameSample values include:rubbingdamage results from rubbing of the leaf edgesmildewdamage results from mildew on the leaf surfacesmokedamage results from smoke

Used by model.pPart.transcriptional model.choicePartMay containanalysis: interp interpGrp s core: abbr add address bibl choice cit corr date del desc emph expan foreign gap gloss graphic hi index label lb list listBibl measureGrp mentioned milestone name note num orig pb ptr q quote ref reg rs said sic soCalled stage term time title unclear figures: figure formula table header: biblFull linking: anchor seg tagdocs: att code eg gi ident val Declaration element unclear { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, att.editLike.attributes, attribute reason { list { token { pattern = "(\p{L}|\p{N}|\p{P}|\p{S})+" }+ } }?, attribute hand { xsd:anyURI }?, attribute agent { xsd:Name }?, macro.paraContent }NoteThe same element is used for all cases of uncertainty in the transcription of element content, whether for written or spoken material. For other aspects of certainty, uncertainty, and reliability of tagging and transcription, see chapter .The <damage>, <gap>, <del>, <unclear> and <supplied> elements may be closely allied in use. See section for discussion of which element is appropriate for which circumstance.

<val><val><val> (value) contains a single attribute value. ModuletagdocsAttributesGlobal attributes onlyUsed by model.phrase.xmlMay containCharacter data onlyDeclaration element val { att.global.attribute.xmlid, att.global.attribute.n, att.global.attribute.xmllang, att.global.attribute.rend, att.global.attribute.xmlbase, att.global.linking.attributes, att.global.analytic.attributes, text }Exampleunknown